
Class 
Book 



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COPYRIGHT DEPOSm 



COMMUNITY 
5UILDING5 




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INDUSTRIAL 
TOWN5 




Community Buildings 

for 

Industrial Towns 



Published by 

ConiniiimtN Service 

(Incorpuratcti) 
Oik- M.uiison Avenue, New York City 

December, 192 i 
PRICE 7S CENTS 



Copyright, 1921 
By Community Service (Incorporated) 



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/Ire You I nt crest 1(1 in PlutniirKj a BuiLJiru/ for (in 
I iidustridl J'ouri/' 



l)fj Y'^u Know 

The essential principles and im[X)rtant considerations 
involved ill such a project? 

W liai t'(|uipnicnt is necessary? 

\\ liat outdoor facilities are desirable; 

I low to |>laii for the o|)eration of the buildin)(? 

How to (levrloj) a pmprani of activitir^' 



Tlu" infoiniatioii included in ihi> booklet on existing coninuinity build- 
ings, and the sujjgestions offered for the planning and conducting of 
j)rop{)sed buildings, are the result of a study of a number of centres which 
are functioning successfully in industrial coninuuiities throughout the 
country. It has been prepared to help meet the need of the large number 
of industrial organizations and individuals who are seeking advice and 
suggestions. 



Table of Contents 

PAGE 

Introduction 5 

Chapter I. Planning the Building 7 

Chapter II. The Operation of the Building 33 

Chapter III. Activities 37 

Chapter IV. Examples of Successful Community Houses in In- 
dustrial Centers 63 

Appendix , 74 



Introduction 

While the pa<^t twenty ycar.'^ liavc seen a more or less sporadic develop- 
ment in the conmnmity building movement, it remained for the war tu 
provide a real stimulus for the growth of the idea. In planning for 
memorials in honor of the men who died in service many communities 
havf conic to feel that the most fiitini^ memorial is the communiiy build- 
ing which will symbolize the democracy for which our men died and the 
spirit of service in which they gave their lives. 

As a result buildings have sprung up in all types of community, from 
the rural district to the most cosmopolitan of cities, to house activities of 
a recreational or service center and to focus the social life of the neigh- 
borhood or the community, interest in the movement is constantly in- 
creasing, so convincingly has it been demonstrated that these centers are a 
large factor in meeting the need of all community groups for educational, 
social and recreational development. 

For the Industrial Town 

The need tor center^ providing recreational opportunitit - km ihe 
worker in his leisure hours has long been realizetl by industrial organiza- 
tions, particularly where the industries are situated in remote districts 
utterly lacking such facilities. The first projects develoj^ed to meet this 
need in general took the form of club houses for employees erected by the 
management aii<I supported in whole or in part by membership dues. A 
number of these buildings in size and beauty resemble the [)ros|)erous 
country dub Many of them provide recreational and educational ad- 
vantages for all members of the family. 

In recent years, however, as employers have come to realize more 
fully the significance of recreational activities which identify the work- 
er with community life, there has l>een a strong tendency toward the 
comtttunity house as representing. |)erhaps, the ideal center for the in- 
dustrial town. 

The community house where the worker in his leisure hours meets 
the people of his neighborhood who may or may not be associated with 
him in industry, helps to provide an outlet for the normal instincts of 
sociability and companionship. The need for such buildings has been 
greatly intensified by the passing of the saloon which formerly represented 
in many towns practically the only social center available to the worker. 
Along the lines of educational opportunity and civic betterment the com- 
munity house opens up a broad field of usefulness. Under careful man- 
agement, with a program that reflects the leisure time needs of all com- 
numity groups, its possibilities may be said to be practicallv un' mited. 







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CHAPTKK I 

Planning the Building 

Esscntidl Print ipli'S 

\\ hatevcr the nature of the building erected in an industrial com- 
munity—whether it be a new building costing many thousands of dollars 
with the most modern and up-to-date equipment, or an old building in- 
expensivclv remodeled— certain essential principles must stand out as 
vital if it is to have value as a community undertaking and to function 
efTcclively. 

1. If the building is to be a real community center it nmst be planned 
with reference to the needs of boys, girls, young men. young wome^ -nl 
adults. 

2. The leisure time activities of a community house cannot be Imuicd 
to the building itself. There should be provision for out-of-door activities 
and the building should be the center from which all activities will reach 
out into the neighborhoods of the community. 

3. There must be a plan of management in operation which will mean 
that the employer and employee act together as citizens to make possible 
for their community a meeting place which all may enjov, '^,1 n. tiviiirs 
in which all nuinbers of the community may share. 

4. If it is to truly serve the community : if it is to be a cciiici u\ iici^li 
borliucs.s— the heart of the comnumity—there nuist be leadership to insure 
the use of the building in a way which will make for individual happiness 
and for conununity spirit. 

Sonir I }}i pfjitiint Considcratiom 

Financing the Construction 

riu' i)r(»hkin of tniaucing the erection of a community building and 
of maintaining it is an important one, requiring careful consideration. A 
study of the methods used in financing comnuinity buildings in industrial 
cities shows three general plans for raising funds: 

/. />v the industrial firm or firms n'hosr plants are heated in the 

to7cn 
2. By industrial firms and their t'»</.. .. . 
S. Hy (jcncral subscription to the entire community 

1 M;in\ in.lu-trial firms, feeling the need of a recreation building for 
the u>e of employees, have constructed such centers under the direction 

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of their welfare or personnel managers. In these cases the company 
has paid the entire cost of land, building and equipment, has placed the 
center at the disposal of its employees and, in some cases, of the em- 
ployees' families under the immediate supervision of a recreation director 
employed by the company. In such instances the u-c <'f \ho buil-linc: has 
meant no responsibility for the employee. 

In some other instances the company, while reiainin- liic niic to the 
building, has placed it at the disposal of the workers who have formed 
an organization and supported and managed the club somewhat inde- 
pendently of the company. In this way a great deal of splendid work has 
been done which would not have been possible at the time if the eniployer 
had not assumed responsibility. There are some communities which are 
not yet ready to manage or to co-operate to any great eixent in the 
management of projects of this kind, and it devolves upon the manufac- 
turing concerns in such places to point the way, to provide the means, and 
to develop am(;ng the workers the desire and the ability to l>ear a part of the 
responsibility of operation and management. Often this is a slow develop- 
ment, but unless such development is fostered and encouraged the work 
will not make for the greatest possible growth of the individual participant. 

2. The method of joint financing by industrial firms and their em- 
ployees, involving, as it does, cooperative etTorl. has great advantages in 
bringing about or increasing the spirit of mutual understanding and 
interest. It gives the worker a sense of responsibility and membership; 
it insures a wider use of the l)uilding since all who invest in it will see 
to it that they have their share of the return ; it invites Ixrtier care of the 
building and its contents, since it is "ours"; it provides a common ground 
where employer and employee may come together in their leisure time in 
a friendly manner, may know each other's minds, and, as a result, come 
to understand each other better. In instances where the community 
building is a joint undertaking it will Ik* owne<l by an association made 
up of all who subscribe. These subscriptions mav ^»'' "i '.<!'• "i »li'- t',.iiti 
of contributions or through the purcha.se of stock 

3. The ihirrl inrthod of securing funds, that of gcncial svil)>ci ipi;on by 
the entire community, makes of the undertaking a real community etlort. 
gives everyone in the community an opportunity for participation and 
affords a meeting place for all as citizens and neighbors. There are in- 
stances in which public-s|)irite<l and far-seeing owners of plants have 
given buildings to their comnumitics to serve all the residents and to be 
suj)i)orie(l a^ a community undertaking. It is a decided advantage for 
all to unite in such a conununity enterprise. An association made up of 
all sul)scril)ers or contributors is formed to hold the title to the property. 

Industrial cotnnnmities in which employers, employees and residents of 
the town not directly connected with the industry are uniting as citizens 
in the erection and maintenance of community houses, are building up a 
community spirit and citizenship which will be permanent and enduring. 

9 



Choosing the Location 

The primary rcciuiMlc fur the location of the community building is ac- 
cessii)i]ity. Unless people can reach it easily it will lose much of its op- 
portunity for service. It should be placed with respect to the center of 
population and with respect to car lines. There is usually a "mental 
center" which may not be the same as the geographical center or the 
population center, but it is worthy of great consideration in placing a 
building which is to have general public partronage. Care should be 
taken to avoid placing the building in such a manner that it will appear 
to belong to a certain section alone. If this is done it may be difticult to 
secure the interest and participation of other districts which the building 
may serve. 

The site should be large enough to give ample light and air space on 
all sides. If it is possible to plan for a completely equipped athletic field 
approximately seven acres of ground will l^e needed. Where a limited 
amount of land is available it is possible, of course, to plan a fairly 
adccjuate outdoor e(|uipment with much less space. It is desirable to 
have the building adjoining the grounds used for outdoor sports so that 
dressing rooms, lockers, and showers may be near. While such combina- 
tion is of distinct advantage it must not l)e supposed that it overcomes 
the advantages of a central and easily accessible location. 

Standard Features 

There can l)e no stereotyixrd plan of community building which will 
fit all industrial towns. The variations in connnunities are as great as the 
variations in human beings. As our laws are made to fit the average man 
so must buildings be planned for the average comnumily with ade(|uate 
provision made for the contraction, expansion and changing of plans to 
make the buildings fit particular needs. 

In general, however, there are certain features which are felt to 
be es.sential for all community buildings, such as an auditorium or large 
assembly hall with stage and dressing room; a g>mnasiuni which, if 
funds are limited, may be provided for in the auditorium; small rooms for 
club meetings, for games an<l for reading, and a kitchen. Many people 
feel that a vital feature in making the conununity building a place of good 
cheer is a lounge or foyer in the front center of the building through 
which all visitors enter. The atmosphere of welcome and comfort is 
greatly enhanced if this room is e<|uipj>ed with a fire|)lace and comfort- 
able chairs and tables conveniently placed. Adjoining the lounge may be 
a rest room for women and a smoking room for men. 

Desirable features, if funds permit, include a swimming pool, a 
library and. if there is a decided need, a cafeteria. In some instances, 
too. it is desirable to provide in the community building headcjuarters for 
various community organizations and agencie-N. I.fK'al conditions must, 
however, determine this. 

11 



With the thought in mind that no plans can be given which will meet 
the needs of all communities, the attempt has been made here to suggest 
three types of building ; for the small, the medium and the large industrial 
community, incorporating as many as possible of the essential and desir- 
able features which have been mentioned. While these plans vary in lay- 
out, size and cost, they may readily be adapted to meet specific needs. 
Many communities will desire a simpler and less expensive type of build- 
ing; in which case it will be possible to select the essential features and 
work out a suitable plan. 

Costs 

In considering any statement on costs in connection with these build- 
ings it must be borne in mind that the estimates are but rough approxi- 
mations at best and will fluctuate greatly with change in market condi- 
tions. Moreover, they will be influenced considerably by the locality, by 
local labor and material costs and by the selection of materials and finish 
made by the building committee. Further, each scheme is subject to cer- 
tain changes by the addition or omission of minor parts. The costs given 
are architect's estimates which represent those materials which are satis- 
factory from the point of view of service and of appearance rather than 
from varying quality of workmanship. The costs quoted do not include 
the equipment or furnishings. 



12 



A Building jfjv the S nidi I (^ ^jtnni unity 

The building' represented in Scheme A is suited to the needs of the 
small community. It requires a lot 80 by 120 feet and has two stories in 
its main part, with one-story wings. Built with masonry foundations, 
wood exterior frame above the first floor level, and wood construction 
throu^diout it would cost approximately $45,000.* With masonry founda- 
tions, brick exterior walls, woofl flour joists and plain finish tliroughout 
the cost would be about $55,0(X). If the exterior walls have a stone trim, 
and the first floor is of fireproof construction the cost would approximate 
$59,000. 

This jjlaii j)rovides for a combination auditorium and ^^ymnasium 
which will seat about 500 people exclusive of the balcony, and gives floor 
space 44 feet by 68 feet. Movable folding seats should be installed and 
the space unrler the stage may \ye used for storage. A gocnl stage with 
dressing room and lavatory on each side is provided. A kitchen adjoins 
the assembly room so that this large space is available for scKials, dances, 
lectures, dramatics, community singing, athletics and banquets. The 
main entrance to the auditorium and gymnasium is through the main 
lounge near the secretary's desk, although two direct exits are provided. 

In the main floor front is the lounge and .social room with fireplace; 
at either side arc the women's rest room, reading and writing room, and 
a room for (juiet games. The reading and game rooms are connected by 
folding doors. The entire basement is utilized, providing smoking room, 
locker rooms, shower baths, dressing rooms for both men and women; 
space for four bowling alleys and spectators' seats; three bilhard tables 
and service rooms. The second floor front of the main |)art of the build- 
ing provides a balcony for the assembly room. This balcony will seat 212 
peo|)le beside giving space for a motion picture machine booth. The side 
balconies as here j)laiined woubl accommmlate one row of s|)ectators sit- 
ting and one row standing. Supporting posts from the floor would not be 
needed At the rear of the back balcony are two class or club rooms. 

One important feature of the layout of this building is the strategic 
location of the secretary's desk. I'rom his [position he can see the lounge. 
gymnasium, kitchen, game room, entrance to women's room and reading 
room, and check the entrance to all parts of the basement and second 
floor. This is an important matter in keeping down the expense of 
supervision. 

VMtcrition 1* cillcd »o thr f«ct that the price* quoted throughout this booklet are twtcd on 1921 

rstinuitcs and arc subject to variation. 



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For a Community of I0,000 to l8,000 

Scheme B requires a lot 136 by 136 feet. The auditorium and gym- 
nasium are combined as in the former plan. In this case the room has a 
seating capacity of about 625 exclusive of the balcony, and a playing 
space 76 by 44 feet. There is a balcony on three sides increasing the 
seating capacity by about 225. 

The building is so arranged that the auditorium may be used without 
opening the rest of the building, and vice versa. A retiring room for 
women adjoins the lobby of the auditorium, and a similar room for men is 
on the balcony floor. A checking room at the entrance to the auditorium 
is so located that it may also be used from the main lounge. A large 
general lounging room with fireplace is the central feature of the street 
floor. Adjoining it are the oflices, women's room, game room, and read- 
ing and writing room. Folding doors between the game room and the 
reading room make possible a meeting room 33 by 20 feet. The secre- 
tary's desk is so located that he may have ready oversight over all parts of 
the ground floor. 

This plan includes a swimming pool 60 by 20 feet reached only from 
the shower rooms in the basement. There is a spectators' gallery to the 
pool, reached from the main lounge. 

The basement contains space for four bowling alleys, five billiard 
tables, and a large number of lockers, showers, and dressing rooms for 
both sexes. Entrance to the locker rooms and shower baths is con- 
trolled from the secretary's desk. 

The second floor contains the men's smoking room, four class or 
club rooms, a kitchen and a dining or assembly room 24 by 42 feet. The 
capacity of the dining room may be increased fifty per cent by opening 
the folding doors of two of the club rooms. A dumbwaiter in the kitchen 
as planned would facilitate the serving of refreshments on the street floor. 
Built with masonry foundations, wood exterior frame above the first floor 
level, and wood construction throughout, it would cost about $125,000. 
With masonry foundations, brick exterior walls, wood floor joists and 
plain finish throughout, the cost would be about $135,000 to $140,000. 
If the exterior walls have a stone trim, and the first floor is of fireproof 
construction the cost would approximate $140,000 to $145,000. Fire- 
proof construction throughout would cost about $158,000. 

In addition to janitor service, this building would require the employ- 
ment of at least one man and one woman on a full time basis so that 
there would always be one at the desk or nearby, while the other would 
have charge of the gymnasium and the swimming pool. 



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SECOND FLOOR. PLAN 
'COMMUNITY BUILDING ' 

SCHEME -f 
J/kLL«OE, UHDS*T & W*«.^tH - AILCHITECTS fr ENClMtEHi - 129 LtXrNOTOK *VE 



18 



The industrial town wiih a population of 18,000 to 30.000 will find 
provision for meeiinj,' its leisure time needs ade(|uately made in the build- 
ing shown in Plan C. With masonry foundations, brick exterior walls, 
wofKl floor joists, and plain finish throughout, the cost would be about 
$2.^5,ajO. If the exterior walls have a stone trim, and the first floor is of 
fireproof construction, the cost would approximate $245,000 to $250,000. 
I'lrcproof construction throughout would bring the cost to between 
$2M),0(X) and $270,000. 

This building reciuircs a plot 204 by 160 feet. There are two stories 
and basement. The auditorium has a seating capacitv of about 750 on 
the mam floor and the balcony will seat 312. The stage is provided with 
a dressing r.H.m and a lavatory on each side. Ticket office, women's 
retirmg room, and checking room adjoin the entrance lobbv of the audi- 
torium and a kitchen is so placed that it may serve either the auditorium 
or the other i)arts ot the building. The auditorium mav 1k» cniirelv shut oflf 
On the opposite end of the building is the gvmnasium. 60 by 92 feet 
with a balcony (;n four sides which is suitable for a running track. The 
entrance to the gymnasium leads by the office of the phvsical director 
which IS connected with the examining room and directors* lavatories 
Across the lob!)y is the ofllcr for the women's phvsical director or swim- 
ming instructor, with examining rooms and lavatories. 

Hetweeii the- auditorium and the g>mnasium at the* front is the main 
lounge ,U by /8 feet, adjoined by the office, the kitchen, and the checking 
room. 1 his lounge connects the entrance to the auditr.rium witli tlu- m- 
t ranee to the gymnasium. 

A swimming pool 25 by 75 feet is so placed thai a .....v i.avc a gocxi 
sui)ply of sunlight. Skylights may be used to advantage. Kntrances to the 
pool are through the shower rooms onlv, insuring a complete check of 
everyone who reaches the fl(K)r of the pool. A sinrctalors' gallerx - .-. 
tirely separate and is reached from the main lounge. 

The basement provides lockers, showers, dressing rooms and service 
rooms. I here are also six l>owling alleys with seats for spectator^ mx bil- 
liard tables and lavatories. 

Tlie second floor provides men's room for auditorium; au.m..nu,n 
l.akonv and motion picture l)00th ; sen'ing room connected bv dumb- 
waiter with kitchen: smoking room, and two rooms which mav 
be c)pene( up lor spectators when a race is being held on the running 
rack. 1 here is also a .social or ban.juet hall 66 by 26 feet which may 
be divided by means of f.,l.li„. ,l,.,rs i„to three large club or class rooms 



19 




&A5EM[NT PLAN 
■COMMUNITY BUILDING" 

SCHEME -C- 
JALLADE, LINDSAY 4- WARREN ARTHirtCrS i. ENCINtE«.5 ' US LEXINGTON AVE N T C 



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SECOND FLOOR. PLAN 
"COMMUNITY BUILDING 



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22 



Krjui pnirnt 

The Auditorium 

l-'olding iiiuvaljle chair>, preferably in sections of three, should be 
used so that the floor may he entirely cleared and the seats stored in 
small space. The only objection to this tyi)e of seat is that it is noisy 
but this may be overcome by the use of small pieces of felt or cloth where 
the jar comes. The seats in the gallery should be stationary, though for 
the sake of economy they may well be the same kind of chairs as are 
on the main floor. 

The Stage 

riie stage should be equipped with foot and overhead lights, a curtain 
and scenery enough at least for an interior and an exterior scene. 

The Lounge and Other Rooms 

I hf fiimilure for the biunj^e should be heavy, substantial, and leather 
upholstered. Mission style furniture always seems to fit well in such a 
building. The smoking room should l^e similarly furnished. Wicker and 
upholstered furniture may be used in the women's rest room. The chairs 
and tables in the j^'ame room should !)e planned to meet the needs of per- 
sons of different ages who will use the rcK»m at different times of the 
day. The class and club rooms should \yQ furnished with individual 
chairs — some with desk arms — so that they may he placed in many for- 
mat if)ns. 

The gymnasium e«|uipnient may be little or much. The tendency now 
is to elinmiate the large awkward pieces. This is a distinct advantage 
where the auditorium and gymnasium adjoin as it makes the change from 
one to the other easier and re(|uires less storage space. The following 
lists arc suggestive of gymnasium crpiipment : 

For Scheme A or Scheme H wlu-n- tlw ./Mnti.Jnni ;. ,,.,.1 ,. m 
auditorium the followinj^ 

1 Set In(lt)or Baseball Bases 1 Giani Slritl- 

1 Ilomr Plate | (Jjant Stride ..... 

2 Incl.M.r Hasrhalls 1 pajr F^vinR kings 
2 Ind.)or Baseliall Bats 2 Pairs Jump Stands 

1 Pair Basketl.all Coals 1 Horizontal VauIlinK Bar 

1 Pair Baskrtl.all Backstops 2 Mats. 5x7 

2 Basketballs 2 ClimbinK Ropes 

1 \ ..Iliy Ball 1 Rope Udder with Straps 

1 \olloy Ball Outfit 

( Standards with N\t ) 

If funds are available, the following might well be included: 

1 l^iKk 1 Parallel Bar 

1 lb»r.sc 2 Mats. 3x9 

1 Beat Board 

23 



Additional allowance should be made for the cost of making portable 
the basketball backstop at the stage end of the hall. Iron clamps on the 
stage and on the floor will make the risers entirely rigid and they can 
be removed in a few moments. Another method is to hinge the backstop 
to the ceiling with iron braces holding the basket rigid. This is much 
more convenient than the first mentioned method and prices may be ob- 
tained from equipment manufacturers upon statement of the ceiling con- 
ditions. 

For the gymnasium of "Scheme C" the following list is suggested as a 
minimum : 

1 Set Indoor Baseball Bases 1 Spring Beat Board 

1 Home Plate 1 Parallel Bar 

2 Indoor Baseball Bats 2 Pairs Flying Rings 

2 Pairs Basketball Goals 2 Pairs Jump Stands 

3 Pairs Basketball Goal Backstops 1 Horizontal Vaulting Bar 

4 Basketballs 4 Mats, 5x7 
"1 Volley Ball 2 Mats, 3x9 

1 Volley Ball Outfit 4 Climbing Ropes 

(Standard and Net) 2 Rope Ladders with Straps 

1 Giant Stride 3 Dozen Maple Wands 

1 Giant Stride Hoist 1 Wand Rack 

1 Buck 2 Chest Weights 
1 Horse 

It is better to start out with a small amount of equipment and add 
pieces as they are desired than to set up a presumably full equipment and 
find that there are some things not needed and others which should have 
been included. 

Bowling alleys should conform to standard measurements. It is a 
mistake to try to adapt them to a space which is not adequate, and at least 
three alleys should be installed. Great care should be taken in the 
preparation of a foundation, for which the manufacturers will gladly fur- 
nish plans and specifications. At the present time, Standard Number One 
alleys cost about $2,250 per pair installed in New York. This does not 
include the foundation which usually consists of 3 inches of concrete with 
one inch finish, 2 by 4 inch stringers spiked to the concrete, and a rough 
flooring. 

In planning the billiard and pool room, the standard size table has 
been presumed. These tables measure 9 feet by 5 feet over all. The tour- 
nament or professional match table is 5 feet 6 inches by 10 feet over all. 
It is not usually found in recreation buildings. One price quoted on these 
tables is $338.00 F. O. B. New York, which includes balls and a dozen 
cues. The patented attachment for returning the balls to a tray at the 
end of the table is quoted at $55.00 additional. The billiard room should 
allow not less than 5 feet of playing space on all sides. It is a good 
plan so far as possible to build the seats of the billiard room against 
the wall. This is not only economy of space, but makes it easier to clean 
and the furniture is less easily damaged. 

24 



The Swim mi n (J P^joI 

The swiniining pool is a valuable adjunct to the community house 
provided it is sanitary, attractive and well managed. Wherever it is found 
under such conditions, it is constantly used, and is a source of enjoyment 
and healthful recreation, not only for children but for adults as well. Xo 
j)art of a recreation building deserves more serious consideration than does 
the swimming pool. Unless it can be properly constructed and unless 
there is a fair degree of certainty that it can be properly maintained, it 
should be omitted from the plan. 

Location 

li po^^ible, tiic pcKjl should be located so that a skylight may form 
ihe roof. If it must be under another room, it should be placed on the 
sunny sifle of the building. The light, sunshine and ventilation secured 
by such location give the pool an inviting appearance and reduce the per- 
centage of bacteria. 

The relationship of the bottom of the pool and the level of the sewer 
liuuld be carefully considered. If possible, arrangements should be 
made to have the pr)ol drained by gravity, thus avoiding the expense of 
l)unips. i he capacity of branch and trunk sewers must be considered as 
well as the water mains, wells or body of water from which the supply 
is to 1)0 taketi. 

Construction 

I lu location of the pool and the ground water conditions partially 
determine the type of construction. Reinforced concrete or steel tanks 
lined with concrete are commonly used. Provision for making the bottom 
and sides waterproof as well as the thickness and reinforcements of the 
R'lainini,' walls nuist be calculated for each case by a comi)etcnt architect 
or enL:ineer. Ordinary cement and concrete work do not make a tight 
pool. I here should always be a special waterproofing course (as layers 
of felt laid in alternate layers of hot pitch, tar or asphalt) and a lining 
of tile ( see b'igure I.) 

Dimensions 

While in nearly every case the dimensions will be determined by the 
space available, it is desirable to have the length a nuilliple of five for 
convenience in measuring distances for competitive work. The Inter- 
scholastic Swimming Rules provide that "records made in pools of less 
than (>0 fiH't in length shall not be considered official." The width is 
usually a iiinltipk' of live. The pool 20 by 60 feet predominates. 

As to depth, the spoon-shaped bottom (sec Figure 2) seems to be the 
most serviceable, providing a minimum depth of }>y2 feet at the shallow 
end. slopping gradually to a depth of about 5 feet at the middle of the 
pool, then sloping more rapidly to a depth of about 8^2 feet where it is 

25 



most needed for diving, and finally rising to a depth of about 5 feet at 
the deep end. The point of greatest depth should be about 12 to 15 feet 
out from the spring board. 

The Surface Gutter 

Many authorities are of the opinion that a gutter or trough (see 
Figure 3) should be built at the water level on at least two sides of the 
pool. The gutter should not protrude but its front edge should be flush 
with the side of the pool. This trough serves the following purposes : 
it removes from the surface of the water the accumulation of dead cuticle, 
exudations from the sweat glands, hair, dust, and lint from suits ; it acts 
as an overflow, keeping the depth of water uniform ; it forms a support or 
life rail superior to a rope or projecting metal rail. The gutter must, of 
course, connect at intervals with the sewer. 

Steps and Diving Board 

Steps or ladders should be recessed, leaving the pool clear for com- 
petitive events. There should be at least one ladder at each end and pre- 
ferably two ladders at the deep end. The diving board should be 10 or 12 
feet long and about 15 inches wide. It should protrude over the pool from 
2 to 4 feet and should be about 3 feet above the water level. 

Floor and Walls of the Pool Room 

Provision should be made for a passage way surrounding the pool 
varying from 2 to 6 feet on the sides and one end, and about 12 feet 
wide at the diving end. It is desirable to have the floor tiled, with a 
curb around the pool (as in Figure 3) and a slope toward a shallow gut- 
ter running along the curb. 

If funds are available, it is economical to have the walls tiled to 
a height of at least 6 feet. The increased cost of construction is more 
than offset by the decreased maintenance expense. In the presence of a 
body of tepid water there is always some condensation of moisture on the 
walls. If the walls are of porus material, they will discolor, the paint will 
peel ofif and frequent painting is necessary. Painted bricks seem to be the 
best substitute for tile. 

Radiators should be located either on the walls six or more feet from 
the floor, or screened in wall recesses. All steam pipes should be 
covered to a height of six feet. 

The floor around the pool, under all circumstances, should be re- 
served exclusively for bathers, to prevent dirt being carried in on shoes and 
thence into the pool on the bottom of damp feet. There should be a spec- 
tators' gallery which may be reached without going through the locker 
rooms. 

26 



Control 

Jt is of the ^'reatest importance that the entrance to the pool be so 
arranjjed that the attendant can see that every hather hefore entering 
takes a soaj) l)ath and that he is free from surface sig^is of disease. Toilet 
tacihtics shiiuld he jirovided near the entrance to the pool as it is highly 
important from a sanitary standpoint that such provision Iw r. .nvnientlv 
accessible. 

Heating, Filtration and Sterilization of the Water 

I he tcnii>crature of the water in the pool should be about 75°. The 
rxpcnse of heating a fresh supply as well as the wastage of so much water 
has brought about the adoption of re-circulation and re-hltration as the 
standard i.rocedure. This makes the matter of heating much simpler 





^ 




l-h,. 1 

t'tiforctul Concn'tt' h'rlnininff Wall 
for Su'innnitiii Pool, shmcing 
structural and 'u\itt'rf>roofin(i fac- 

ti)t\- III ijiii. If, ini III, It i.-.il *<rui 



This pro fill' in t^.rry detail is in con fortuity 
with all rcquirctncnts. The gutter is small and 
neat. The curb is of proper height to serve 
as a take-off 

27 



and materially lessens the operating cost. Such circulation apparatus 
should be kept in operation at least all of the time the pool is in use to 
insure uniformity of temperature. 

As the water circulates for heating, it is desirable to remove the 
matter suspended in it by passing the water through a quartz sand filter 
introducing a small amount of alum solution which coagulates the organic 
material and makes the work of the filter more thorough. This process 
makes the water clear and inviting and lessens the danger of drowning. 
The alum should be used carefully, as an over-amount makes the water 
murky and causes the eyes to smart. 

In addition to being warm and clear, the water of the safe and sani- 
tary swimming pool must be sterile. There are several methods of bring- 
ing about this condition. One of the simplest is to install an apparatus 
in the circulation system which will discharge a certain amount of calcium 
or sodium hypochlorite solution in the water as it returns to the pool. 
This and similar chemical methods are used in many pools and are 
apparently satisfactory. In one city the bacteriological test of the swim- 
ming pool water gives a lower percentage than does the test of the 
ordinary drinking water of the city. Objection to the method is found 
in the fact that an excess of the reagents gives the water a disagreeable 
odor and taste as well as certain irritating properties. 

A second system is the Ultra-Violet-Ray machine. The sterilizer con- 
sists of a container through which the water is passed, and mercury vapor 
arc lamps enclosed in quartz tubes. The water flows around the tubes at a 
pre-determined velocity and in fixed depth, assuring sufficient exposure 
for the destruction of the bacteria. 

A third method is the introduction of Ozone into the water. Ozone is 
an unstable gas produced commercially by passing atmospheric oxygen 
through a field permeated with silent electrical brush discharge. When 
the Ozone is passed into the water, it bubbles through it, oxidizing the 
organic matter. This action can well be compared to ordinary com- 
bustion. 

These three systems should be carefully investigated whenever the 
construction of a swimming pool is contemplated. Competent architects 
are able to put committees in touch with manufacturers of these various 
machines who will be glad to send representatives to present the merits of 
their products and give prices for that locality. 

Regardless of the system of purification adopted, it is quite customary 
to clean the floor of the tank every day with a vacuum cleaner. This 
reduces the load on the filter and therefore insures greater efficiency. 



28 




jy 



Outdoor Facilities 



The amount of ground surrounding the community building will neces- 
sarily determine the type and extent of outdoor recreation facilities, 
though any carefully planned project will make adequate provision for 
them as being essential to a well-rounded schedule of activities. 

Playground and Athletic Field 

It is desirable where possible to have these facilities include a play- 
ground for children, tennis courts, running track (encircling a baseball 
diamond and football field) and space for such games as quoits and 
croquet. Local conditions will decide whether these shall all be grouped 
in a large athletic field or placed separately at various points surrounding 
the building. Five acres constitutes the minimum area for a completely 
equipped athletic field. It is possible, however, to arrange an efifective 
layout of outdoor facilities in a much more limited space. 

In deciding on a location for the athletic field it is well to make sure 
that it affords easy access to locker rooms and shower baths within the 
building. Many of the large community houses are planned so that doors 
from the locker rooms open directly out upon the approach to the athletic 
field. At the Walk-Over Club, Brockton, Massachusetts, the athletic field 
occupies a large area at the rear of the building. In addition there are 
four tennis courts and a field house equipped with lockers and showers. 
A park and playground of 7^ acres surrounds the club house of the 
Ludlow Athletic and Recreation Association. In this two baseball 
diamonds, a cinder track and a children's playground are laid out. 

For details as to the location, size, surfacing, fencing, equipping, and 
beautifying of playgrounds and athletic fields it will be well to consult a 
handbook on the Layout and Equipment of Playgrounds recently pub- 
lished by the Playground and Recreation Association of America. Plans 
for various types of play areas are also given in this publication, copies 
of which may be obtained from the Association, One Madison Avenue, 
New York City, at thirty cents each. 

Swimming and Wading Pools 

Outdoor swimming pools are a feature of many industrial centres and 
while they are the more desirable for the summer season, the indoor pool 
has the advantage of affording a longer period of use. 

One of the most popular features of the playground for children is the 
wading pool. Such pools are usually circular in form and about forty or 
fifty feet in diameter, with water five inches deep at the edge and eighteen 
inches deep in the center. They should be used only for paddling and 
wading. 

30 



Using Vacant Spaces as Play Areas 

Many coiiinuiniiics arc forced to confine their outdoor e.iuii.nient to a 
very limited space. Where this is the case, or where funds are lacking 
for extensive outdoor facihtics. it is possible to convert unimproved areas 
into play spaces tlirough the use of a box containing game supplies. This 
outfit includes erpnpment for vollev ball, basketball and baseball a set 
of cjuoils and a medicine ball which may be used for plaving dodge ball 
for shuttle relays and for games of various kinds. A box of this kind mav 
be eriuipperl for about forty dollars and admirablv meets many require- 
ments for outfloor j)rograms. 

The attractiveness of the grounds about the communitv house is a 
matter of particular importance and one to which careful study should be 
given. 




.// Ihis oiildoor lluahr the .mfUy^.s .>; tiu l\it iUuiiurs Manufacturwn Lom- 
runy and tluir fncmis nijoy ii snni-nnkly i«<»fin//-/>iV/i«r<- slunc- thr ^-ff u-ilhin 
(t niiiius of five milrs—xit an admission price of fiftcfr. 



31 




Z2 



CHAPTER II 

The Operation of the Building 

1 1' a i)uil(li!ig is creeled by an industrial concern alone, the company 
may choose to operate it in one of three ways. First, it may elect to 
meet all the runninjj expenses of the building and throw it open to all 
employees and their families — and perhaps to the whole community — 
without fee or charge of any kind. This is rarely the case. In the second 
place, the company may choose to pay the expenses, or to meet the cost 
in part or entirely by dues, fees and rentals. The company may place 
the building in the hands of an association of employees who become 
responsible for the operation of the building and whose care it is to so 
conduct the plan that it will pay its own way. Which of these plans 
should be followed depends upon the tyjje of community, the type of em- 
ployee, percentage of foreign born, percentage of illiterates and other 
similar factors which determine capability for self-government. 

If the building is erected through cooj)crative etTort, an association 
may well be formed of all those who made that eflfort for carn'ing out the 
work. It is essential that each individual be given equal rights and obli- 
gations regardless of the amount of money subscril>c(l. Kvery elTort 
should be ma<le to make the MiKird of Directors or (iovernors representa- 
tive of all groups. Suggested forms for the constitution of a Community 
I^.uiMing Association will be found in Api>endix A. 

Rt'i cnu^• 
\. h'rnts If the building has become the headquarters of various 
patriotic, civic, literary or dramatic societies, the rent charged for office 
room and the use of the auditorium will largely, if not entirely, pay the 
running expenses of the house. This will apply particularly to renting 
the auditorimn for concerts and other gatherings: the gymnasium and 
halls for i)rivate dancing j)arties. the ban(iuet room for private purposes 
and possibly the swimming pool for classes conducted by private in- 
structors. 

2. Fees — Fees may be charged for gaming privileges as for example, 
bowling alleys, and billiard tables. Nominal fees may abso be charged 
for adult gymnasium or swinuning classes. It is usual in any case to 
charge for bowling and billiards, but whether a charge is made for use of 
other facilities depends upon whether membership dues arc charged, and 
upon the need of funds. Prices should be based upon local custom. 

33 




34 



3. Profits and Concessions — Many coniiiiunity houses maintain re- 
freshment facihties such as soda fountains, cigar and candy stands and 
cafeteria. Motion picture >>ho\vs, competitive games and fairs are fre- 
(iuently maintained. In sucli cases the profits are of course devoted to the 
expcn.se of maintenance. In other instances conce>si(jns for space and 
{privileges are sold to individuals. 

4. Membership Dues — In spite of occasional exceptions it apj)cars to 
l)e true that the most successful community associations operating com- 
munity houses charge an annual memhership fee. The amount varies 
from $2.00 to $20.00 per year. Six dollars is quite a common amount. 
Where the adult membership for both men and women is placed at $6.00 
sfjmetimcs children under sixteen do not pay and in other cases they 
pay $2.0(J. ( )j>portunity is always given for admission of "contributing 
memberships" of large amounts, though they .should be received always 
with the understanding that such contribution does not give plural voting 
power. 

1 here is much to be said in favor of "family" memberships instead of, 
or in addition to individual membership. If there is a family membership 
of $10.00 per year admitting husband, wife and children to the use of all 
facilities in the building, it cares for the meml>ers of the family who would 
jjfobably not be included if there were only an individual membership 
and the famly could afford only one or two. 

.Some towns have found their community spirit spreading Inryond 
town lines and have been approached by residents of other towns for 
membership. This lias generally been allowed and an out-of-town mem- 
l)ership established at a slightly lower price than the resident rate as 
such members will probably make less use of the building. 

It seems to be generally conceded that even when a building is operat- 
ing under the membership plan certain parts of it should be open to evcry- 
oni- for rest, shelter, and lavatory privileges. 

Iwprusrs 

The largest item in the budget should be the salary of the officials in 
charge of the building. There is no more important factor in the suc- 
cessful oixration of the conununity house than the personnel of the 
management. The position calls for ability of a high grade, and com- 
pensation commensurate with the reward of such ability in indu.strial and 
commercial life should be forthconiing. The amount will vary in different 
communities. 

The salaries of men vary from $1,800 to $4,500. of women from 
$1,200 to $2,400. In a small building such as is shown in Scheme A. one 
full time official can doubtless supervise all the activities, with some part- 
time or volunteer assistance in supervising the women's showers, lockers, 
and dressing rooms while they are in use. A building such as that shown 
in Scheme H would re(juire a man and a woman, full time, and it might 

35 



be necessary to engage part time swimming supervisors and instructors 
as well. A large building such as Scheme C involves would require at 
least four full time officials ; manager, matron, and two recreation leaders. 
The other items of expense can best be estimated by referring to cost 
of operating other local buildings of similar size. Provision should be 
made in the budget to care for : 

a. Salaries — Manager and such assistants as the size of 

the plant and scope of work necessitate 

b. Wages — Janitor and such assistants as are required 

c. Fuel 

d. Light and Power 

e. Insurance 

f. Laundry of towels, table cloths, napkins, etc. 

g. Repairs to buildings and furnishings 
h. Equipment replacement 

i. SuppHes 

It pays to spend money on light, both within and without the building. 
The psychological effect of the well-lighted building and approach is too 
well known to be discussed further. 

The repair item in the new plant will be small, but provision should 
be made for the small items such as window-glass replacement and 
adjustment of new plumbing. Ordinarily this item will require a larger 
amount each year. 

It should be noted that not all the above mentioned items are fixed 
expenses ; many will vary with the facilities offered and the number 
using the building. 




36 



chaptp:r III 
Activities 

1 lie iiifj^i iiiip<jrtaiit thing alx)ut a community house cannot be ade- 
(|iiatcly fkscrihcd. It has to be fch. It is its spirit — the intangible result 
of what people think anrl say and do there. 

The casual visitor may catch the spirit of the house even before he 
enters, as a ring of laughter comes from the social hall where a com- 
munity party is in progress, or a burst of cheering from the g>'mnasium 
marks an exciting moment in a game of indoor baseball between the 
Ketail Merchants' Association and the Superintendents' and I'iremcn's 
Club of Brown's Shoe Factory. He may sense the air of welcome and 
friendshij) as he enters the lounging room and sees a merry group sitting 
alxnit the hrej)lace. which bears the inscription: 

"In this safe anchorage 
lind welcome and good cheer." 

The click of the balls in the billiard ro<3m. the distant ruml)lc of the 
Ixiwiinj^ alleys, the shouts from the game room as a checker match reaches 
a climax. I lie strains of music from the dance hall — all bespeak a com- 
iniiiiity relaxing from its daily tasks, and fmding prorita!)le enjoyment 
according to individual preferences. 

.Stated in the billiard room of a community house in one of the Kast- 
ern slates a tew weeks ago, a visitor watched a ganie of pocket billiards 
between a girl of seventeen or eighteen years and a young man of nine- 
teen or twenty. The contest wa*^ attentively watched by a woman of 
middle age who had entered from the direction of the ladies' club room 
and taken a seat nearby. Before long they were joined by a middle-aged 
mail, enthusiastically proclaiming a recent victory in a bowling match. 
\\ lien the young people had finished their game the four left the building 
together. 

"That." said ilie director, as the visitor turned to him with a (jucs- 
tioning look, "is rather a remarkable sight. Before the community house 
was built that family was never seen together. There seemed to be no 
family alTection. no common interest, and no comj)anionship. ICach 
member went hi^ or her »)wii way. Now all is changed. What you have 
seen tonight is a common occurrence. Three or four evenings a week 
they come here together. bVcquently all join in the same activity, and 
sometimes the brother and sister play billiards while the father bowls 
with his team and the mother meets with the women's social club. But, 

37 



regardless of how they spend the evening, they all meet and go home 
together. Each seems intensely interested in what the others have been 
doing. They have found a way to have a good time together. If our 
community house had accomplished nothing more than it has done for this 
family, it would be worth a great deal more than the money and effort it 
cost." 

Activities the Keynote of Success 

The success of the community house is measured in terms of its 
activities and in the happiness and efficiency which can be brought about 
through its agency. No matter how complete and commodious the build- 
ing may be, how conveniently located or how luxuriously furnished, 
unless it is filled with wholesome activity and teems with life, it fails. 
Its function is to serve as the focusing point for the leisure time life of 
the entire neighborhood or community ; to bring people together through 
its activities in a new spirit of neighborliness. Only as it attains some 
degree of success as a community welder can it be said to be fulfilHng 
its purpose. 

Leadership is the prime necessity. Lack of personality in the com- 
munity organizer or leader will wreck the usefulness of the finest build- 
ing; while a strong personality will make a poorly planned and inade- 
quately equipped plant prosper in spite of itself. The activities are cause, 
the building is effect. The order should never be reversed. 

The well-rounded weekly schedule of activities at the community 
building provides a diversity of interests for each member of the fam- 
ily; and the program quickly suggests itself as the different community 
needs are studied. 

Social and Recreational Activities for Large Groups 

Those activities which bring large groups of people together are per- 
haps the first to be considered in launching a program. 

Game Evenings 

Evenings of games have the advantage of providing amusement for 
all groups, though their success depends largely on able leadership. It 
is a very good plan to organize training classes for game leaders who 
will then be able to handle large groups successfully. In Appendix B 
will be found a program for an evening of games. Social Games and 
Group Dances, Ice Breakers, What Can We Do? and Comrades in Play, 
all of which are listed in the bibliography, offer many splendid sug- 
gestions. 

Motion Pictures 

The weekly or nightly movies are popular always, and are particu- 
larly enjoyed by those people who, because of days given to hard physical 

38 




i ijood cxatnpii' of the combmcd auditorium and tjymnasium — a practical 
feature for the small community building. 



29 



labor, like to spend their leisure in some relaxing amusement. Many of 
the modern community buildings are completely equipped with motion 
picture apparatus. Commercial exhibitors are always glad to supply 
lists of films, giving titles, descriptions and price quotations. The National 
Board of Review of Motion Pictures, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City, 
has reports and lists of censored films which may be had upon request. 

Concerts and Entertainments 

At the very outset a study of the community should be made to dis- 
cover musical talent which may be developed for concert and entertain- 
ment programs. Musicians are found in every industrial centre, par- 
ticularly among the foreigners. The introduction of mass singing, which 
is very popular, will soon lead to the organization of a variety of musical 
groups such as glee and choral clubs, bands and orchestras. A compe- 
tent leader is a necessity in developing any sort of musical organization, 
and money spent for his services will pay large dividends. After a few 
months of training the talent developed will greatly enrich all varieties 
of community programs. 

Appropriate programs for celebrating national holidays fit very suc- 
cessfully into the general plan, and are a splendid means of adding 
variety and interest. Amateur dramatics are exceedingly popular always. 
A brief discussion of their possibilities will be found under Club 
Organization. 

Social Dancing 

Where public sentiment is in favor of social dancing this activity 
will usually have an important place in the leisure time interests of the 
younger group. Weekly dances at the community centre, if carefully 
planned and conducted, are sure to be a successful feature. It is well at 
the beginning of the season to appoint a committee on dances who will 
see that a varied and interesting program is arranged, and that sub- 
committees are appointed to care for the details of management. 

Public Forums 

The public forum idea, as applied to the industrial centre, may open 
up a large field of usefulness. It affords an opportunity for all groups 
to come together for the frank discussion of mutual problems. In addi- 
tion to subjects of local interest and importance, the comprehensive 
forum program will include a variety of educational and cultural topics. 
Some forums have found it valuable to deal with the various phases of 
one broad question throughout the season's course. Another plan is to 
have once a month a lecture on science, or the drama, or poetry, or music. 
Suggestions for organizing and conducting open forums may be secured 
from the Open Forum National Council, Little Building, Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

40 



Field Days 

1 lie annual picnic (jt field day has come to be a recognized part of 
the recreation program of many industrial centres. The plan of having 
the employees of several plants come together for these occasions has 
worked out very successfully and is a splendid means for promoting 
community spirit and interest. \\ here large groups arc involved careful 
preparation is essential in order that the program for the day may work 
out smoothly. The big thing is to see that everybody has a chance to 
have a gowl time and to participate actively in the day's fun. 

The site cliosen for the picnic should include a level field where the 
athletic events may be run olT. If a .stream of water, pond or lake is 
available, provision may be made for rowing, swimming, wading, sailing 
toy boats, and fishing. The program of events is capable of endless 
variation. Tiie following contains a number of good suggestions and 
may l)e wijrked out with a minimum of trouble and ex}K-ii<e 

I. .Athletic Itlvenls (Men and Women) 
Suggested List to select from 

1. Race for men, women, boys and girls 

2. Fat Men's Race 

3. Fat Women's Race 

4. Men's Three-legged Race 

5. Men's Hobble Race 

6. Men's One-legged Race 

7. Men's Cigar Race 

8. Men's Wheelbarrow Rare 
'f Men's .Sack Race 

10. Women's IKibble Skin .x...i 

11. Xeedle Threading Race 

12. I'lackward Race 
Iv I'.gg .Sp(M»n Race 
If ( hariot Race 

15. Husband and \\ lu- Kace 

K). Marshmallow-string Chewing Race 

17. Tug-of-War ( Men— Married Men vs. Single Men) 

18. Tug-of-War ( Womcii M-.rtw.l Women vs. Single Women) 



1. Ikiseball (iame for Men 

2. (iames for Women (Married vs. Single) 

a. Relav Race around an object 

b. Arcli Hall 

c. .*>nalch Handkcrchiet 

d. Dodge Hall 

e. Playground l^all ( .^ innings) 

41 



Note— The prizes may be awarded to the winners of three 
out of the five, or to the winner^ of each event. 

3. Games for Children 

III. Choice of 

1. Stunt Show 

2. Pageant 

^. Lantern Parade 

Note. — The stunt party inij(ht he arranged by departments or 
plants j)uttin^' on a show. This stimulates collective resource- 
fulness and initiative, and creates much amusement for those 
participating, and for their friends in the audience. 

The following committees are suggested: 

1. (jcneral Arrangements 

2. Athletic Events 

a. General Committee 

I). Starters 

c. ludj^'o 

'1. (iiiaifU 

v .Manager for Haseball (iame (Men) 
a. l'ni|)ire 

4. Games f<»r WOmen 

a. Manager 

1). Assistant Manairrr 

c". Kfhri-c 

5. (.fiieral C nnirnitire lOr .stunt Show or Pageant 

a. .Stage Manager 
I). Property Man, etc 
(k I -aiiiirn Parade 
a. Manager 
I). Six or more Assistants 



43 



Other Social Activities 

For the quiet hours at the community centre when no large group 
activity is in progress, the more passive forms of recreation will be 
enjoyed. It is well to give a considerable amount of thought to the room 
or rooms which are to be used for reading, lounging and quiet games. 
Books and periodicals as well as the daily newspapers should be con- 
veniently placed. If good records are used a victrola is a desirable addi- 
tion. Sets of chess, checkers, parchesi and other quiet games should be 
in charge of a responsible person who will see that they are returned when 
the players have finished. 

Bow^ling and Billiards 

The provision of facilities for pool, billiards and bowling has the 
particular advantage of counteracting the evils of the commercial billiard 
room, where gambling is prevalent. These games are highly desirable as a 
form of recreation, and are very popular. Although the initial cost of 
equipment is rather high, it can soon be covered by a system of fees which 
will still be considerably lower than those charged at the commercial al- 
leys. Bowling tournaments always arouse a great deal of interest. 



Athletic Activities 

Under expert leadership the program of indoor and outdoor athletic 
activities at the community house may be practically unlimited. The 
following classification of such activities is merely suggestive, since the 
extent of equipment and type of community will define their scope. 

Indoor Program 

For Men and Boys: 

Gymnastic drill Pool 

Indoor baseball Billiards 

Basketball Boxing 

Volleyball Wrestling 

Handball Fencing 

BowHng Track Events 

Miscellaneous Athletic Games Swimming 



For Women and Girls : 

Gymnastic drill 
Folk Dancing 
Indoor baseball 
Basketball 



Bowling 

Running (not in competition) 

Swimming 

Miscellaneous Athletic Games 



44 




45 



Outdoor Program 

For Men and Boys: 
Baseball 
Football 
Handball 
Tennis 
Quoits 
Volleyball 

For Women and Girls 
Quoits 
Tennis 
Hockey 
Swimming 



Soccer 

Hockey 

Croquet 

Track and Field Events 

Swimming 

Miscellaneous Athletic Games 



Running (not in competition) 

Folk Dancing 

Miscellaneous Athletic Games 



Weekly Schedules 

The activities in the gymnasium will necessarily follow a regular 
weekly schedule in which boys and girls, men and women are organized 
according to age and group interests. Such a schedule should be made 
up at the beginning of the season and advertised in a printed folder or 
handbill. Following is a weekly schedule of activities issued by the 
Ludlow Athletic and Recreation Association for 1920-21 : 



Women's swimming class under the personal direction 
of Miss Buscall and "Miss Rooney 
M. Junior dancing for boys and girls 

Women's gymnasium class. Girls' basketball and swim- 
ming 



Monday 
2.00 P. 


M 


3.30 P. 
7.30 P. 


M 

M 


Tuesday 
2.00 P. 


M 


3.30 P. 
5.00 P. 


M 
M 


7.30 P. 
8.00 P. 


M 
M 


Wednesday 
2.00 P. 
3.30 P. 
4.30 P. 
8.00 P. 
8.30 P. 


M 
M 
M 
M 
M 



Women's gymnasium class 
Junior Girls' swimming class. 
Business Men's gymnasium 
swimming instructions 
Dramatic Club rehearsal 
Class in Civics 
Embroidery and cooking 
Social Club meetings 



Women's swimming class 
Boys' and Girls' junior dancing 
Swimming class for women 
Dancing instruction 
Social Dance 



Boys' basketball 
class, coordinated 



with 



46 



Thursday 

3.30 P. M. Junior dancing class in "Rec" parlors. Boys' basketball 

class 
5.00 P. M. Business Men's gymnasium class, coordinated with 

swimming instructions 
7.30 P. M. Dramatic Club rehearsal 
8.00 P. M. Embroidery and cooking 

Friday 

2.00 P. M. Adult women's swimming class 
3.30 P. M. Junior dancing 

7.30 P. M. Women's gymnasium class. Girls' basketball. Swim- 
ming class 

Saturday 

9.30 A. M. Swimming instruction for beginners 
10.30 A. M. Swimming Pool open to all men and boys 
2.00 P. M. High School basketball practice and games 

Weekly Schedule at Rutland, Vermont 

The Community House at Rutland, Vermont, publishes the following 
schedule which includes a variety of athletic activities : 

MONDAY 

2.00- 5.00 Group Meetings of Woman's Association (sewing) 
4.00- 5.30 'The More The Merrier" Club, High School Girls of 

Junior and Senior Years 
4.00- 5.00 High School Boys' Gym Class 
5.00- 6.00 High School Boys' Basketball practice 
4.00- 6.00 Pool room open to Boy Scouts 

Evening 
8.00-10.00 "T. N. T." Boys' Club meeting, (High School Boys) 
Public Rentals 

TUESDAY 

4.00- 5.00 Girls' Sewing Class 

4.00- 5.00 High School Boys' Gym Class 

5.00- 6.00 High School Boys' Basketball practice 

Evening 
7.30- 8.30 Business Men's Gym Class 
8.30-10.00 Business Men's Indoor Baseball League 
7.30- 9.30 Basketry Teachers' Class 

48 



WEDNESDAY 

2.00- 5W (Jroiip Meeting Woman's Association (sewing) 
4.00- 5.30 lligli School Girls' Gym Class 

r).00-10.0(J "K 111 land Community Club" for Young Business Women 

TIILkSD.W 

12 (JO- 1.30 "As You Like It" Club Meeting. High School Girls of 

I'Vcshinan ancl Soj)homore years 
2.30- 5.30 "Home Makers" Club Meeting 
4.00- 5.00 Hasketball Team Practice 
5.00- 6.00 IWi^h School P>asketball Practice 

Ez'Cniiiff 
7.M) 10.00 "K'nil.md Community Club" Gym ("la<< 

FRin.w 
4.0(J 5.30 lii^jh Sch(Kjl (;irls* Gym Class 
4.00- 5.30 Pool room open to High School Boys 

Ei'cning 

7.30 11 (K) High School Hasketball Games and Dances 
7.00- ''.()() P...V Si'.nifs. Tr.M.p T :.n.l IT 

SAltkliAV 

''.IXJ 1().(X) l:c,v.^ under 12 years Gym Gass 

10.00-11.30 Boys 12-14 years Gym Class 

2.00- 3.00 Girls under 12 years Gvm Class 

4.00- 0.(K) (iirls 12-14 years Gym Class 

2.00- 5.(K) P()<»1 Koom open to Boys 

Evening 

7.1K)-10.(X) li..x.' Hasketball Games 



49 



Athletic Meets 

Events in which young men have been able to match their strength, 
speed, jumping abihty and throwing power have always had a strong 
appeal. The athletic meet is therefore popular, and an event in which 
every physically fit man is qualified to take part. It is felt that the 
greatest good which comes to a man in track and field athletics does not 
result from competition, but through the period of training, and training 
should therefore be encouraged at all times. In addition to the events 
in which the individual matches his skill against that of another, there 
are athletic events in which teams may participate. This is true of relay 
races, in which four or more men may compete on a team. In the shuttle 
relay as many as twenty may comprise a team. 

Three sample programs for athletic meets are given, as well as a 
list of events from which other programs may be made. Information on 
rules and equipment will be found in Spalding's Athletic Library. 

1. — Athletic Meet Requiring One Hour and Forty Minutes for about One 
Hundred and Fifty Entries 
1.00 75-yd. dash trials 
1.10 1-mile run 
1.20 75-yd. dash finals 
1.25 880-yd. run 
1.30 220-yd. trials 
1.35 Obstacle race 
1.40 220-yd. dash finals 
1.00 Running high jump 
Shot put 
Running broad jump 

2. — Athletic Meet Requiring a Half-Hour for about One Hundred Entries 
1.00 60-yd. dash trials 
1.10 1,000-yd. run 
1.15 60-yd. dash finals 
1.20 100-yd. low hurdle race 
1.25 50-yd. sack race trials 
1.30 100-yd. low hurdle race finals 
1.00 Standing broad jump 

Baseball throw for distance 

3. — Athletic Meet Requiring One Hour for about Three Hundred and 

Fifty Entries 
1.00 100-yd. dash trials 
1.05 120-yd. high hurdle trials 
1.10 1-mile run 
1.15 440-yd. run 
1.20 100-yd. dash finals 

50 




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= •- «^ c ? 

h h S . W 

. " r r^ '^ %. 






.; '^ 5 > ^. 



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r c w o 






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51 



1.25 120-yd. high hurdles finals 

1.30 220-yd. dash trials 

1.40 220-yd. low hurdles 

1.45 880-yd. run 

1.55 220-yd. dash finals 

2.00 220-yd. low hurdles finals 

2.05 Tug-of-War trials 

2.15 1-mile relay race 

2.25 Tug-of-War finals 

1.00 Running high jump 

Shot put 

1.30 Hammer throw 

Discus throw 

2.00 Running broad jump pole vault 

A Selected List of Athletic Events from which Other Programs May 

Be Made 
Sprints ; 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 220, 300 yards 
Middle distance runs; 440, 600, 880, 1,000 yards 
Distance runs; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc., miles 

Miscellaneous events : 

Obstacle race 

Wall scaling 

Rescue race 

Wrestling on horse back 

Medley race 

Baseball throw for distance 

Batting the baseball for distance 

Baseball throw at second base 

Running to first base for time on a batted ball 

Running the bases for time 

Try at basketball goal 

Steeplechase race 

Three-legged race 

Potato race 

Hurdle races; 100, 220-yd. low, 120-yd. high 

Sack race 

Walking; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., miles 

Cross country race 



52 



Athletic Leagues 

In hundreds of industrial communities throughout the country leagues 
have been formed for the promotion of sports and athletics. The method 
of organizing such leagues varies with the type of community. In towns 
where the majority of workers are connected with a single industry the 
league is usually a factory affair with representatives of various depart- 
ments organized into competing teams. In many centers, however, the 
workers of a number of industries have formed an athletic organization, 
holding inter-factory competitions. The responsibility for the manage- 
ment of this last type of league sometimes rests with a Municipal 
Recreation Department, with a special committee made up of represen- 
tatives of various teams, or with some social agency such as the Young 
Men's Christian Association. Many of these leagues have been highly 
successful ; others have come to ruin through the evils of professionalism 
which disregards the interests of the group and features a few highly paid 
players. 

The present tendency in industrial athletics is toward an organization 
which gives every employee an opportunity to take part in the sort of 
athletics in which he is particularly interested, and favors in no way the 
star player. Many of the industrial athletic leagues have baseball as 
their only activity ; others include a variety of sports and games under 
team organization. 

A very complete form of athletic organization is worked out under 
the constitution and by-laws of the Industrial Athletic and Recreation 
Association, Inc., of Rochester, New York. (See Appendix C). This 
may of course be modified or amended to meet specific requirements of 
certain communities. 



54 



In the coninuiiiity iiiadr up larj^ely of torci^n-born residents English 
classes will invariably be organized as the primary educational need. It 
uiil. ill most cases, be possible to secure the co-operation of the local 
P.oard oi Kducation in providing instructors for such groups. A very 
thorough advertising campaign is essential if the best results are to be 
obtained. Posters displayed in the various departments of industries, an- 
nouncements in foreign languages mailed to various groups, and personal 
visitation are some of the advertising methods which have proved ef- 
fective. 

Such activities as the open forum, weekly lectures on topics of cur- 
rent interest, and musical .study groups fall within the general educational 
classification, though more or less informally, since tlv • frctjuently 
combined with social activities. 

'I lie successful program will also include classes lor deiuiilc study. 
I '.r I ore organizing such classes a very careful canvass of the community 
Iinuld be made. A rather good method is to send out letters or post 
notices listing a large variety of subjects for which classes might l>c 
formed, and re(|uesting people to indicate those in which they arc most 
interested. .Si^me of the most popular subjects are mechanical drawing. 
inaMual training, civics, .sewing, cfxjking. millinery, needlework and bas- 
kciiy. Here again the help of the Board of Education will be invaluable 
in securing snit.ible instructors. 



Cii ii .Ji III Uu'S 

In small towns the community house will logically have as one of its 
functions the promotion of certain civic activities which are closely allied 

to the general recreational and educational program. 

Community Beautification 

( )ne of these is the organization of an association or club which will 
devote its energies to im|)roving the physical features of the community. 
The activities of such groups include campaigns for home and neighbor- 
hood beautification. "best garden" contests, and clean-up weeks. 

Health Center 

Anoilier inii)(>rtant imdcrtaking is the establishing of a health center 

with hcad(juarters for the dixtri.-t unrxr. l>d«v u.-lt'if committee, and 
similar organizations. 

Information Bureaus 

.\ number i)i industrial centers have found the establishment of an 

111 format ion bureau a very helpful service. :iii<l \\u< iiiiL'bt u e-ll be made 
,1 function of the community liou-^c 

55 




Johnson City, N. Y. 



56 




/ !,alii day al the Park Piayu/round of the EiuHiottJohttson norkcf 



57 



Club Organization 

The foundation of all community house activity will naturally rest 
on club organization which follows the manifestation of various group 
interests. In addition to athletic leagues, which have already been dis- 
cussed, the following groups have been successfully organized in many 
industrial centers : 

Boy Scouts Glee Club and Orchestra 

Bird Club Literary Club 

Camp Fire Girls Men's Club 

Dramatic Club Mothers' Club 

Debating Club Nature Study Club 

Girl Scouts Science Club 

Dramatic Club Activities 

Dramatic clubs are particularly valuable for the contribution they 
make to the general program, for the opportunity they provide for self- 
expression and for the training they offer along artistic, cultural and social 
lines. By encouraging the foreign born to dramatize their own native 
customs and traditions it is possible to bring the different groups into 
more friendly relationship with one another, at the same time becoming 
more familiar with American ideals and customs. A Neighborhood 
League in a town of New York State tried out the plan of encouraging 
the foreigners in English classes to produce short plays. This was most 
successful. Rehearsals were a part of the regular class lesson, and the 
plays were produced in connection with various community programs. 
This idea might be worked out in any industrial center, and would lay a 
foundation for a broad program of dramatic work. 

There is also the plan of having plays presented in other languages. 
This was successfully done in Chester, Pennsylvania, where a play was 
presented by members of the Italian colony in their native language after 
it had been explained in English for the benefit of Americans who were 
present. 

One dramatic club which has achieved a degree of success follows 
the plan of producing each year a series of one-act plays with varying 
casts having as the culminating event of the season a more ambitious pro- 
duction, possibly a three-act play, in which the most talented members of 
each cast take part.* 

As a means of bringing large groups of people together and developing 
them during extended periods of time the pageant is to be highly recom- 
mended. In several industrial communities where the percentage of 
foreign population is very high a pageant has proved the entering wedge 
for citizenship training. 

*Many suggestions for developing dramatic activities and programs will be found in Community 
Drama published by Community Service, price $.60. This booklet contains many lists of plays and 
a complete industrial ceremonial. 

58 



Boys' Clubs 

Since boys having interests in common naturally group theoT^elves 
into clubs or gangs it is easy to tind at hand material for promoting a wide 
range of activities along the line of citizenship, athletics, vocational train- 
ing, and educational interests. The uncontrolled gang spirit in many in- 
dustrial centers has proved a serious menace to property, and it has been 
found to be a good investment as well as a community service to en- 
courage- the organization of clubs which will turn the activity of boys into 
useful channels. 

The headquarters of national organizations which are promoting 
work for boys will gladly furnish literature and advice on various types 
of clubs. Among these organizations are the following: 

Hoy Scouts of America. 200 I'ifth Avenue, Xew ^'ork C ily 
Hoys' Club I'cderatiou, 110 West 40th Street, Xew York City 
YoutKi Men's Christian Association, International Committee, 347 
Madison Avenue. Xew ^'o^k City 

IVoodcrafl LciUjuc of America. 13 West 29th Street. Xiw York City 
Playground and Recreation Association of America, 1 Madison 
Avenue. Xew York City 

Community Scrt'icc (Incorporated), 1 Madison Avenue, Xew York 
City 

Government ( )rganizali»>n> : 

Bo\s' W'orkinij Kcscri'es, Department of I^ibor (Boys over 
sixteen are organized into clubs for farm work ) 

States Relation Sen'icc De|)artment of Agriculture ( Co-o|)crates 
with County Agents in promoting agricultural clubs of all kinds) 

Girls' Clubs 

The activities (»f girU* clubs fall naturally nUu three groups; those 
of a purely social or recreational nature, as dancing, singing, hiking, 
dramatics, athletics; those with an educational objective, and those for 
comnnmity or patriotic service. .Among the national organizations pro- 
moting work for girls are: 

(atnp I'ire Cirls, 31 Iv 17th Street. Xew York City. (Jrou|)S may 
have from () to 20 members and the age of admission is 12 years. 
((iirls undii 12 .irt- organized as Blue Birds.) It is an organization 
which aims "to bring the power of organization an<l the charm of roiuance 
into the humble acts and needs of daily life." There is an elaborate 
ritual which makes a strong appeal to the girl in the teen age. 

Cirl Scouts of America, 1S^> Lexington Avenue. Xew York City. 
Troops of 2 or more patrols with 8 in each patrol. The age of admission 
is 10 years. Any girls' club may undertake the Girl Scout training and 
games, especially on Saturdays and Sundays, though "groups or bands 
of girls not already belonging t(» any club may be organized directly 
as a (iirl Scout Patrol or Troop." 

59 



Woodcraft League of America, 13 W. 29th Street, New York City. 
The bands are composed of from 5 to 10 girls over 12 years of age. The 
program stresses out-of-door activities. 

Young Women's Christian Association, 600 Lexington Avenue, New 
York City. The National Board of the Young Women's Christian Asso- 
ciation promotes girls' clubs of various kinds adapted to the locality and 
type of girls. The Eight-Week Clubs and Industrial Girls' Clubs are two 
prominent types. The clubs have a wide range of activities and are 
usually small groups of a larger unit. The younger girls are organized as 
Girl Reserves. 

Girls' Friendly Society in America, 15 E. 40th Street, New York 
City. This is under the auspices of the Episcopal Church though the 
membership is open to all girls over 12 years of age. It is particularly 
interested in giving home life and companionship to young girls in cities. 
The activities are adapted to the particular needs of the group. 

National League of Girls' Clubs, 130 E. 59th Street, New York City. 
This league promotes non-sectarian, self-governing, self-supporting clubs 
for employed girls. Social evenings and industrial classes are prominent 
among its activities. 

Playground and Recreation Association of America, 1 Madison 
Avenue, New York City. This organization, in promoting municipally 
supported recreation, is making it possible for girls and young women to 
enjoy social and recreational opportunities on playgrounds and at recrea- 
tion centers. 

Com^munity Service, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City. Community 
Service helps to organize local Community Service groups through which 
girls and young women will have an important share in community life, 
and opportunities to develop their recreational, educational and cultural 
interests. 

United States Department of Agriculture, State Relation Service, 
Washington, D. C. Co-operates with County Agents in promoting agri- 
cultural clubs of all kinds, especially in canning and animal husbandry. 
These are primarily for country girls. 

Within a limited space it is impossible to do more than suggest the 
possibilities of a girls' work program. In working out various problems 
connected with girls' club organization it will be found helpful to com- 
municate with these national organizations. 

Building on Group or Club Relationships 

The organization of clubs and of small groups, and the bringing into 
relationship through the community house of already existing groups, pro- 
vide excellent channels for the building up of a vital program which will 
permeate all parts of the community. A dramatic club, a glee club, an 
orchestra or a community chorus organized at the community club can 
be made to serve all community groups. A pageant organized by a com- 

60 



mittee of the community house association will call upon the talents of 
many members of the community. It will require the gifts of those who 
write and act; of those who have ability along the line of costume or 
scenery making; it will enlist many as participants and many more as 
witnesses. 

Thus a circle of influence to the community house will be constantly 
widening and its activities will reach out into the neighborhood ; under its 
roof will be initiated and carried out plans which will serve the leisure 
time and cultural interests of the entire community. Within its four walls 
men and women will come together to discuss their mutual interests and 
to find the solution of their mutual problems. 

The community house in the industrial center stands for neighborli- 
ness, for the building up of a spirit of civic pride and responsibility and 
for that broader citizenship which America is seeking for all within her 
gates. 



62 



( HAPTKR IV 

Examples of Successful Community Buildings 

It is iniimssihlc in this pamphlet to describe more than a tew of the 

•ommunity houses in various parts of the country which arc now suc- 

<'ssfully carrying' an their work. The following have l>een selected be- 

luse they are representative of various types and of ditTerent methods 

'I a(liiiini>>f rat id?) 




. lu.\liii , I\finsyli uniii 

The coniiniiniiy hmisr .n AuMin. Tcnnsylvania. is representative of one 
••I ilif hest tyj)es of community houses not only because of its architecture 
whuh ,^ (lecidedly hnmelike. hut also because of the air of hospiialitv 
wind, pervades the whole huildinjr. As stated in a b.M.klet i^s,ud t..V 
I lie tornial o|)eniii!;. its purpose is 

"To furnish the hest of entertainment and educati.m i,„ aii cia-^.es 
and 11 IS the hope of the originators that evervone will consider this his 
<.wn personal club and make it a common meet in- ground for all to wel- 
come every v,s,t.)r. and to turtlier the 'get-together' spirit that has always 
cliaiacteii/cd Ausini an.l led n. t.) accomplish the almost impossible/'' 

63 



The building was erected in 1920 at a cost of about $100,000, raised 
by the subscription of the community at large to shares of stock at fifty 
dollars each. The town's principal industrial concern subscribed one-half 
the amount. Inasmuch as the total population is 1,800 the accomplish- 
ment stands out conspicuously as an example of what a united community 
can do. 

One of the noteworthy and especially successful features of the 
house is the restaurant and tea room where dinner and supper are served 
every day, Sunday included. The community theater is filling a great 
need. It has a seating capacity of between four and live hundred, ex- 
cellent motion picture apparatus, and a complete stage with dressing 
rooms. Motion pictures of a high class are shown every evening (except 
Sunday) unless the theater is desired for some other form of entertain- 
ment. 

The association has about 700 members. There is an initiation fee 
of $5.00, and the annual dues are $12.00 and $3.00 for men and women 
respectively. Out-of-town members pay the usual initiation fee but their 
annual dues are only $6.00. Fees are charged for billiards and bowling 
and the remainder of the revenue comes from the profits of the theater, 
restaurant, soda fountain and candy shop. 



64 



\ 




I 1r- Ludlow AiiiiciK- and Kt-crcation .\>stKiaiiun i> iu)W in its lliirty- 
firsl year. Its present hniiic a three-story brick !)uil(ling— \V3* crcctecl 
in I'HV) at a cost of $75,000. A comprehensive schedule ot organized 
activities for the winter season of 1920-21 is indicative of the extent to 
which tlic people avail themselves of their opportunities. In addition there 
are unorganized ijroups enjoyini; the twelve hilliard tables, three bowling 
alleys, several shower and ml. l.;it!i>^. luul the sm..kin<.' i.-.-ulin-' and general 
social room facilities. 

There are about 1.5(H) nuiniKMs om oi a luiai puijulaiion of 6,000. 
I he nienibers aninially elect a board of directors of three women and 
seven nien and the hoard chooses the officials. The fee entitles them to 
vote m the annual meeting and to use the reading rooms, gymnasium. 
swunniin-,^ p.... I aud baths. Additional fees are charged for the si>cciaJ 
classes. 

Here is an excellent example of a combination auditorium — g>*mna- 
sium— dance hall. The hall is about 60 by 80 feet. and. including the 
gallery which may be used as a running track, seats about 800. Baseball 
games, social dances, dancing classes, motion pictures, lectures, amateur 

65 



theatricals, gymnasium classes and competitive gymnasium games cause 
this hall to be in constant use during the indoor months. 

One of the excellent features of the Ludlow building is its location. 
While conveniently situated near the center of the town, it adjoins a seven 
and a half acre park and playground which provides two baseball dia- 
monds, a cinder track and a well equipped children's playground. 




Auditorium, the Walk-Over Club, Brockton, Massachusetts. 



66 




.1' Jills', II C.it\, New York 



I Ik: straiiijcr arrivinj^ ai |«»liii>nii k.\{\ at mj;lil is aliracictl hy llic 
brilliantly lij^htcd hospitahlc huildinjj wiih a sij^n rca<Iing **Vour Home." 
This is Johnson City's social center, which has been o|KTaiing for three 
years and is constantly enlarj»inp its sphere of usefulness. The work has 
j,MOwn so ra|)i(lly that the rcnunleled dwdHnj; of thirteen rooms in which 
the work was l)Cj^iin proved inade(|uate. and in 1920 a three-story addition 
was creeled. 

.\iiinn|L; (ttlur facilities the huiUhn^ houses a Hhrary, mothers* room, 
otVice, travtl hurcaii. rest room, smokinjj. card and reaclini; room. Tlu- 
three-story addition |)rovides a hasenu-nt play rcKim for chihlren, addi- 
tional lacilitics for the library, a large dining room and a completely 

et|uii)j)C(l kitchen. 

( Outdoor facilities. ;ill ,,i' w Inch are lighted for evening use. include 
six tinnis conrts. play«,'ronnd e(|ui|)nKMit of all kinds, swimming pool with 
bath bouse accommodations for three bnndred people, and a ba^fball 
field. 

67 



All members of the community are free to use ''Your Home" for 
parties or meetings by making- special reservation for the room or rooms 
they wish to have. Dishes, silver, glassware, Hnen, cooking utensils and 
fuel are furnished without charge. 

''Your Home" is the contribution of the Endicott-Johnson Company 
to the town. The use of the building is available to all without restric- 
tion, and all use it with an equal sense of proprietorship and responsibility. 




One of the reading rooms in "Your Home' 



M Km 'j(1h , . IlilhtntKl 

Muscofla is a small niiiiinj( town located about fifteen miles from 
liiriiiiii^rhani. In 1917 tlie Tennessee Coal. Iron and Railroad Company 
remodeled a pumping station into a community club house and placed 
It at the disposal of its employees and their families who constitute the 
entire pojiulation. The building is called the "White Club." and is an 
excellent example of a small but very useful plant providing many 
facilities for wholesome recreation. 

An unusual feature of the plant is an outdoor swimming pool directly 
in fKHit of the building. The water Mows into the pool constantly from 
a spring so that tlure is always an overtlow. It is completely changed 
twice each week. Small brick buildings at each side of the main club 
house provide dressing room facilities. The pool is used from Mav to 
October. 

The operation of thr building is in the hands of a board of nine direc- 
tors chosen annually by the members. The membership fee is fifty cents a 
month, and this admits the entire family of the meml>er. An efficacious 
method of keeping dues paid up is the posting on the bulletin board of 
the names of all nieinhers more than one month in arrears. 

The board of directors engages the attendant and the janitor. The 
expense of operating the club is about $2,500 a year, exclusive of light 
and heat, and the revenue usually equals and sometimes exceeds the ex- 
pense. There are about three or four hundred members. A charge is 
made for the use of the billiard tables, and the refreshment stand is run 
at a proht. Kwo dances are held each month at a charge of a dollar a 
couple. 



69 



N fjriifjfjil , M (issn( husilts 
Stariijij- orij^inally as a Ixns' clul. and gradually enlarging its scojk- 
until it included the entire community, the home of the Xorwood Civic 
Association today is the social and recreational center of the town and the 
memhers are already considering the extension of the organization to out- 
lying sections. 

The building was a gift to the town by Mr. (ieorge F. W'illcit who 
for a time supporterl the work. On January 1st, 1920. the financing was 
placed upon a community basis. The principal sources of revenue are 
dues, fees and rentals. One of the excellent features of the member- 
ship system is that in addition to individual memberships, there is a 
family mcmber.shii>— a little less than twice the individual dues— and this 
admits all members of the subscribing family. 

The Hoard of Trustees, a self pcri>etuating body into whose hands 
iIh care of the building was entrusted by the donor, holds the title to 
the property but the operating policies arc determined bv a board of 
twenty-seven governors made up of the nine on the Board of Trustees. 
the five Selectmen of the town, six memliers of the School Committee 
chosen by the Hoard of Trustees and seven others chosen from the 
conununity at large by the Board. 

The activities include gymnasium classes for men. women, boys and 

girls, cTstlutic dancing, social dancing, bowling, swimming, dramatics 
household economics, home mirsing, canning clubs, cotiking classes, sew- 
ing classes. Boy Scout and Girl Scout work, forum meetings, lecture and 
.ntcrtainment course, citizenship building activities and all kinds of out 
loor athletics. The Hoard ef Trade ha-^ its hrad.|uariers in the buiidiiu' 

RunifrjfJ, Maim- 

AnoiluM particularly successful conununity builchu^ .. u..u KtM.un 
as the Mechanics Institute at Rumford. Maine. This is a four-<tnrv 
lirick structure, with stores on the street floor. 

( )n the second floor are the clul) rooms, which include a large loui.^.i.u 
room with firej)lace, a women's |)arlor. a reading room, card room, billiard 
room and superintendent's office. The gynma^ium. shower baths, bowling 
alley, kitchen and dining room are on the thini floor, and the fourth and 
lit til Moors are given over to suites of rooms which are rented to memlxTs. 

Tliis Iii.tiiute is supported by general membership of the townspeople 
I he amuial dues for men are $5.W: inr xvnmen. .S.^OO; for children un.ler 
Mxtiin years. $2.00. 

"\Vr havra nieinber.sliip .,| tiun;.... utiinnr... .ai.i ihe supeniiinideiit 
rercntly. "aiKl ilio budding is used continuallv. This is a wonderful place- 
All people-, ti.»ni whatever walk of life, meet on common ground. It 
lias worked out very successfullv." 

71 




The home of the Walk-Over Club, Brockton, Massachusetts ; 
a gift of Mr. George A. Keith and his sons to their em- 
ployees. The annual dues are two dollars; and the club is 
self-supporting except for the salary of the superintendent 
and the expense of heating. The plans on the following 
page indicate the extent of the facilities. A thirteen-acre tract 
of land completely equipped for athletic activities surrounds 
the building 



72 



!■ * « 



I i 









\ 1. 


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73 



APPENDIX A 

Game Evenings 

Social games occupy a very important place in the program of a com- 
munity center. An evening of games is one of the happiest and most suc- 
cessful ways of bringing together people of all ages and helping them to 
lose their shyness and self-consciousness. The program must, however, be 
carefully planned and cannot be left to the inspiration of the moment. But 
after planning for the program, leaders should be ready to change to suit 
the mood of the gathering. The program should be as well balanced as a 
program of music. To keep an evening of games up to the desired pitch 
of interest there should be leaders on hand to initiate new games. An old 
game is apt to go of itself, but even in this case it is well to have a group 
in charge who will carry out a definite program. Every member of the 
group should be free from formality and should see to it that all are drawn 
into the games as often as possible* 

The following arrangement of games is suggested by Mrs. Genevieve 
Turner Holman : 

/. Receiving and Introducing the Guests. The most difficult time 
of the whole evening is the first half hour, when the guests are arriving. 
To put guests at ease at once, appoint some genial and popular person to 
greet each guest. After they have removed their wraps, the leader must 
give each one something to do at once. Let this be something which 
makes the guests mingle with each other, talking and laughing. Examples 
of mixers are a Grand March, Conversational, Yes and No, and Quarter 
in the Crowd. If it is desired to group the guests in couples, use the 
following devices : Cut advertisements, conundrums and answers, iden- 
tify feet or eyes. Mother Goose characters. 

//. Games for the Entire Group. Before dividing the group for 
team games it is important to have two or three games in which all take 
part in one group. If teams are chosen before everyone has gotten the 
spirit of taking part, someone is certain to say, 'T think I'll watch," or 
*T am too old to play." Do not give anyone opportunity to drop out. 
Get everyone up for a grand march and lead them into an active game. 
Such games are: Ostrich Tag, Three Deep, Blind Man's Buflf, Jacob 
and Rachel, Hindoo Tag. 

///. Relay Games. Once the get-together spirit is aroused, the 
leader may safely divide the groups into teams for relay games, such as 

*A list of inexpensive booklets containing directions for all games mentioned will be found at 
end of section. 

74 



Pass Ball. Dnww^ i'i^k'y ^^ Market, Clothespin Race. Indian Club Relay, 
All Up Relay. 

//'. J he Special Pronnim. After the relay games the players are 
usually out of breath and glad to sit down. This is a good time for the 
sfjecial entertainment feature of the evening, such as a speaker, dis- 
cussion of current events, a play, a reading or singing. If there is no 
special program, have singing. 

V. Games to Music. While it is best not to include modem social 
dancing in the games program, the well-rounded program may well in- 
clude some of the many folk and group dances which c«Mr.!.ine the spirit 
of the game with the charm of rhythm. 

(iames to nuisic are usually suitable for u-e m uk* eariy part oi tiie 
evening; some teaching of them is usually necessary, and there may be 
some in a group who will not enjoy thcni as much as the more active 
games with which the evening should close. In selecting games for adults, 
choose only those which retpiire the least teaching. Give frequently 
changes of jKirtners and necessitate only walking, running and skipping 
steps. 

/ 7. Refreshments. However simple, refreshments give an element 
of s(xiability that can be gained in no other way. At some very success- 
ful parties only apples or grai)es were passetl. In one group a commit- 
tee was ap|)ointed at each meeting to arrange refreshments for the next 
week, l^ach member in the group contributed five cents to cover the 
expense, h'ven in wartime this bought graj)c-juice, lemons and sugar 
for t)unch to serve with wafers. On occasions, more clalx>rate refresh- 
ments may be desirable. 

I'll. Relaxing Games and Stunts. A well-balanced program should 
include : 

( 1 ) Stunts for the whole group. While the group is still seated. 
after refreshments, the leader may introduce some stunts for all to do to- 
gether. The success of these activities depends u|>on the manner in 
which the leader directs them. Cracker-Eating Contest, .^imon Says, 
Nose and Ear, Do This — Do That. Buzz, are all good activities for a 
crowd, 

(2) Stunts fjf Magic. In this group the leader performs a trick for 
the others to guess how he does it. Sometimes an assistant is required. A 
leatler should practice the stunts until he can perform them cleverly. 
Pencil and Handkerchief, Moving Pictures. Magic Writing and others 
might be used. 

{^) Can You Do It Stunts. In these the leader tells the players the 
trick, which looks simple, but it not so simple when they try to do it. 
These stunts may be used to fill in at any time. 

(4) Word and Xumber Games. These are the games which involve 
(juick thinkini: of words and numbers. They add enjoyment to any pro- 

75 



gram. Use such games as Alphabet, Scouting for Words, Bird-Beast-Fish, 
Buzz, Ghosts. 

(5) Pencil and Paper Stunts. These have been used so much at 
church and school socials that care must be taken to choose those which 
are new to the group. The following have proved popular : Music Box, 
Autograph Mixer, Telegrams. 

(6) Goat Stunts. These are some stunts in which one or two are 
selected as victims, the rest of the group having been informed regarding 
the plans. Games of this kind should be used with great care, and are 
best adapted to a group whose members are well acquainted. Never 
let a sensitive person be embarrassed before a group. On the other hand, 
a player with a keen sense of humor, who knows the group well, will en- 
joy the fun at his own expense. Story of Harry, Hot Hand, Barnyard 
Solo and similar stunts may be used. 

VIII. Popular Games. Close with the most popular games. Ex- 
perience with a group, will show what games to choose. With a new 
group a leader is safe to choose such games as Alphabet, Scouting for 
Words, Elopement Race, Travelers' or Suitcase Relay in Couples and 
similar games. 

IX. Singing. The spirit of the evening can best be expressed by 
singing and a few good popular songs. "Good Night Ladies" may be a 
signal for the close of the program. 

The following programs are suggested for social game evenings in the 
gymnasium, auditorium or assembly hall of the community building. 

Program I 

1. Matching Songs (a mixer) 

2. Singing 

3. Going to Jerusalem (group game; if music is not possible, 

substitute Crossing Lake) 

4. Dangerous Neighbor (group game) 

5. Ankle Tag (group game) 

6. Jump Shot (group game) 

7. Program 

8. Popularity (game to music) 

9. Old Dan Tucker (game to music) 
10. Jump, Jim Crow (game to music) 
IL Refreshments 

12. Community Sneeze (stunt for group) 

13. John Brown's Baby (stunt for group) 

14. Do This, But Don't Do That (stunt for group) 

15. Alphabet Game 

16. Spoke Relay 

17. Umbrella Relay in couples 

18. Singing 

76 



PrfjfjrdDi II 

1. Wlio Am I ( mixer ) 

2. Singinj< 

3. Forty Ways of Getting There (group game) 

4. Hindoo Tag (group game) 

5. All I'our Run (group game) 

6. Slap Jack — in couples 

7. Peanut Passing Relay 

8. Weavers' Relay 

9. Program 

10. Jolly Is the Miller (game to music) 

11. Broom March (game to music) 

12. Smiles (game to music) 

13. Refreshments 

14. Story of Harry (relaxing stunt) 

15. Walking a Straight Line (a "Can Vou Do It?" ^-tnm i 
H). jug Handle (contest for two) 

17. Dog Collar ("goat" stunt) 

18. Potato Race (a popular game) 

1'' I'lopement Race (a popular game) 

20. C o-ed Tag (a poj)ular game) 

21. Singing 

A list of the games and activities mentioned under Game Evenings 
are to be founrl in the following inexpensive p- lications which may be 
secured througli Community Service: 

//■//(// Can //'.• /'<>/ (Social Game^iV ...$.25 

Community Recreation . . • .$35 

Camcs and Dance I'igiircs . .2^.20 

Suggestions for Games. Athletic Events and Stunts for 

Boys and I'oung Men ... $20 

Other games referred to will he uniun m: 

Games for the Country, Pcnnsylvan-- ^ ' •' - College of Agri- 
culture $.10 

Play Pays in Rural Schools, Extension Service, University 

of Wisconsin $-05 

There are many other books, such as Social Games and Group Dances, 
by Elsom and Trilling; Ice Breakers, by Edna Geister. and Producing 
Amateur lintertainments, by Helen J. Ferris, which are exceedingly valu- 
able in planning jirograms. 



77 



APPENDIX B 

Suggested Constitution and By-Laws 

FOR A 

Community Building Association 

Form Number One 

CONSTITUTION 

Preamble 

We, residents of and vicinity, in meeting assembled, in 

order to promote the spirit of public service and wholesome recreation, 
do hereby form ourselves into an Association whose principal object shall 
be: to erect a suitable community building, and to maintain such build- 
ing as a gathering place, open to all the people, which may provide facili- 
ties for mental and physical growth, for fellowship and recreation, for 
civic service, and for enjoyment of the arts. We pledge that this Asso- 
ciation, while affording a hearing to all, will not attempt by formal action 
to bind its members to advocacy of, or opposition to, any measure. To 
this end we establish the following Constitution and By-Laws, and direct 
that those who shall be elected as Trustees thereunder do forthwith take 

such steps as may be necessary under the laws of the State of 

to incorporate this Association. 



of 



Article I — Name 
This organization shall be known as The Community Association 



Article II — Object 

The object of this Association shall be: to provide a permanent com- 
munity home, open to all people and to all non-partisan, non-sectarian 
organizations devoted to recreational, civic, art, educational, and other 
activities looking to the common good. 

Article III — Membership 

All residents of and vicinity over eighteen years of age who 

comply with the provisions set forth in the By-Laws shall be eligible to 
membership in this Association. 

78 



Article IV — Goz'crnmcnt 

riic government of this Association shall be vested in a Board of 

(9 to 25) Trustees to he elected by a direct vote of the 

incinbcrs and responsible directly to them for the construction, mainte- 
nance and managenient of the Community Building. The manner of 
their election, thc-ir duties and powers shall be as provided in the By-Laws. 

Article V — By-Laivs 

By-Laws, as hereinafter provided, shall, with this Constitution, be 
the governing instruments for the administration of this Association. 

Article VI — Amendments 

This Constitution may be amended, either by mail referendum or at 
a regular or special meeting called for that fjurpose. provided the fol- 
lowing conditions have been fulfilled: 

1. The notice of the proposed amendment nuist l>e mailed to each 
member not less than thirty davs in .idv.-mee of a '/jiu-ral infrtiiu' at 
wliieh it may be discussed. 

2. The amendment may be voted on at this meeting, provided one- 
third of the members arc present ; otherwise the amendment must be 
submitted to all members by mail not less than twenty nor more than 
forty days thereafter, or at a regular or special meeting to be held not 
less than twenty nor more than fortv davs thereafter, as the Board of 
Trustees may determine. 

3. By whatever method subnuiietl, an amentlmcnt must poll an 
afVirinative vote of two-thirds of the (|u;difie<l membtrs v(»tim:. in nrder 
to be effective. 



BY-LAWS 

Article I — Membership 

Meml)ersinp in this Association shall be of four classes — resident, 

non-resident, individual and family. 

All residents of may become mrmhcrs hv pnvmrnt nf annual 

<hu's of $ 

.\n entire family may be«..»nn mem!.- ^ . y.iyuvn .miiual 

family due of Ij? 

C hilihen under 15 may become members on payment of $ 

animal (hus. 

All aduh resident members shall be qualified to vote at the annual 
meeting in the election of trustees and in the tran.saction of such oth.T 
business as may be presented. 

79 



Article II — Election (alternate forms A or B) 



1. The Trustees, provided for in Article IV of the Constitution, shall 
be nominated and elected annually in the manner hereinafter described, 
the election to be completed on the day of 

2. (a) Nominations shall be made prior to the election by means of 
a direct primary. A ballot accompanied by the membership list shall be 
mailed to all members, from which list each member may designate (Y) 
candidates. 

(b) The (Z) receiving the highest number of votes in the primary 
shall be declared nominated, and their names be placed on the official 
ballot. At the official election the (Y) candidates receiving the highest 
number of votes shall be declared elected. 

3. In case of a tie in the last place, either in the primary or official 
election, the selection shall be made by lot, under the direction of the 
Committee in charge of the election. 

B 

1. The Trustees provided for in Article IV of the Constitution shall 
be nominated by petition, the signatures of (X) members being required. 
No member's signature may be counted on more than one petition, and 
it shall be regarded as valid only on that one first filed, at the place 
designated. 

2. The names of the nominees shall be printed in alphabetical order 
on an official ballot, which shall be mailed to each duly qualified member 
and on which he shall indicate by numerals his first, second, third and 
other choices as he desires, although his vote will count but once. 

3. The election and the count of the ballots shall be according to the 
Hare system of proportional representation. 

The members shall vote by mail or in person, by secret ballot in con- 
formity with such additional rules and regulations as the Board of 
Trustees may adopt. 

Vacancies in the Board of Trustees shall be filled by the Board for 
the unexpired term. 

The Board of Trustees shall have power to review and decide ques- 
tions of eligibility among their own members. 

Article III — Officers 

Within ten days after the election, the Trustees shall meet and elect 
officers for the ensuing year : a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, 
a Secretary, and a Treasurer. All the officers must be members of the 
Board of Trustees except the Treasurer, who need not be a member of 
the Board. 

80 



The duties of the officers shall be such as their titles by general usage 
wouifl indicate, and such as required by the law, and such as may be 
assigned to them, respectively, by the Board of Trustees from time to 
time. 

The Board oi Trustees may employ a Manager, and provide for 
assistants, and determine the compensation to be paid for their services. 

The Treasurer and the Manager shall each furnish 5urety bonds in 
such amounts as the Board of Trustees shall deem necessary, the cost 
to be paid by the Association. 

Article ir — Committees 

The Board of Trustees shall authorize and define the powers and 
duties of all CVjmmittecs. 

The President shall appoint all Committees, subject to confirmation 

by the I»<jard of Tru>t(c>. 

Article V — Meetings 

The annual meeting of the Community Building Association shall be 

held on the in of each year, at the Community Building, 

at an hour to be designated by the Board of Trustees. 

Meetings of the members may be held at such other times as the 
i'residcnt or the Board of Trustees may determine, or \\\yo\\ the written 
request of five per cent of the members in good standing, provided thai 
when cfilled otherwise than by the President or the Board of Trustees, 
the notice A\i\\\ contain a statement of the purpose of the meeting and 
shall be issued at least two days prece<ling the meeting. 

At all meetings, five jxt '■••"' "'' '^k- in<tii1.rTs iti ,mm,.1 s- .TTling shall 
constitute a quorum. 

The Board of Trustees >ii:iil meet at lej^ular periuds. Absence from 
three consecutive regular meetings without an excuse deemed valid, ancl 
so recorded by the Board of Trustees, shall be construed as a resignation. 

A special meeting of the Board of Trustees may be called at any 
time by the President or by the three Trustees, provided that when called 
otherwise than by the President, a call shall l>e issued to each Trustee 
stating the purpose of the meeting, not Ic^s than thn-c lutni^ prt'iidlntT 
the meeting. 

At all iiH-rt lilies of the Board of rin>tee» a majority •^haii constitute 
a (juoruin. 

All qufstions of parliamentary procedure shall be settled according 
to Roberts' Rules of Order. 

ArtiiL- I'l-l'unds 

The Board of Trustees shall have power to solicit and obtain sub- 
scriptions in cash or in bonds for a building fund, and therewith to pro- 

81 



cure the erection of the memorial provided for in the Constitution and 
By-Laws. 

The Board of Trustees shall also have power, and is hereby directed, 
to circulate each year a summary of the Association's activities and to 

solicit contributions from the residents of and vicinity, which, 

with other available revenues, shall constitute the maintenance fund out 
of which all building, maintenance and operating expenses of the Asso- 
ciation shall be met. 

The Board of Trustees shall also have power in its cHscretion to lease 
portions of the Community building to other non-profit organizations 
engaged in work for the common welfare, and to determine the compen- 
sation to be paid therefor. 

The Board of Trustees shall also have power to purchase, hold, sell, 
lease or mortgage real estate, to incur debts, giving therefor notes of the 
corporation signed by one or more officials duly authorized by the Board 
for that purpose, and may enter into contracts of any kind furthering 
the purpose of the Association. 

The fiscal year shall end the day of 

Article VII — Building 

It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to provide rules for the 
management of the building and the conduct of the people who may 
use it. 

It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to maintain such build- 
ing in proper repair and in condition for public use at all reasonable 
hours. 

Article VIII — Amendments 

These By-Laws may be amended by mail referendum or by a majority 
vote of the members in good standing in attendance at any regular meet- 
ing or any special meeting called for that purpose, provided that such 
proposed amendments shall be plainly stated in the call for the meeting 
at which they are to be considered. 

Notice of meetings at which such amendments are to be considered 
must be given at least ten days prior to the time of the meeting. 

FORM NUMBER TWO 

Community Corporation 

A second form, of organization may follow that of a regular corporation. In 
such case the instruments of government will depend upon the local state laws, 
and may consist of Articles of Incorporation, followed by By-Laws. The Articles 
of Incorporation may set forth purposes similar to those in the Constitution of 
Form Number One, and the By-Laws of Form 'Number One may be used with 
certain modifications. 

The capital stock may be sufficient for both construction and endowment funds, 
or for construction funds -only. The shares of stock should be-in small denomina- 
tions, and the sale to a single holder limited as to amount. 

82 



APPKXDIX C 

Industrial Athletic and Recreation Association, 
Inc., of Rochester, N. Y. 

CONSTITUTION 

Article I — Xamc 

This Association shall he known as the huhistrial Athletic and Recre- 
ation Association of Rochc^trr. X ^' < inrorporated under the laws of 
the State of New York), 

Article II— Object 

Scctif>ii 1. Ihc object of this Association shall be to promote Ama- 
teur and eliminate FVofessional and Senii-I*rofessional Athletics, Sports 
and Recreation in their various forms, amonj^ its mcml)crs ; to institute. 
provide and supervise such forms of educational prof)aganda and work. 
including' training and coachinj^ either individually or in groups or 
(lasses, as may he necessary to enable them to participate in recreational 
heiKfits and enjoyment, to assist all patriotic causes, to secure the up- 
l)uil(ling of healtli and the social and moral welfare of its mem!)ers. 

Section 2. It shall be non-sectarian and non-|x)litical. 

Sertioii .V It shall not be o|)erated for financial profit. 

Article III— Officers 

Section 1 ihc officers of this Association shall be President, First 
\'ice-Presi<kiii. Second \*ice-I^resident. Secretary and Treasurer, who 
sliall \)v elected from and by the Hoard of Directors. 

Section 2. The ofhcers shall he electefl at the first annual meeting of 
tlie Hoard ot Directors, which shall not be later than February first. 

Section 3. At the expiration of his term of office, the retiring presi- 
dent of the Association shall become automatically an ex -officio officer 
of the .Association, with advisory powers, for the ensuing year, that the 
Association may heiietit l)y and from his ex|)erience while in office 

Article IF — Adz'isory Board 

Section 1. Members of the advisory board shall consist of the execu- 
tive heads of constituent members or their properly accredited represen- 
tatives and liie officers of the Association. 

83 



Article V — Board of Governors 

Section 1. The Board of Governors shall consist of one representa- 
tive from each constituent member to be appointed by the executive head 
of the member company. This body shall elect a chairman, vice-chairman 
and secretary from among its members. 

Article VI — Executive Council 

The Executive Council shall be composed of two representatives, pref- 
erably one man and one woman, from each constituent member. The 
method of selecting or appointing these representatives shall be discre- 
tionary on the part of the constituent member. The officers of this 
Council shall be the Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Secretary. 

Article VII — Board of Directors 

Section 1. The Board of Directors shall consist of the officers of 
the Executive Council and of the Board of Governors, plus two additional 
members to be elected by each body at the annual meeting, making a total 
of ten members, five members from each body, who shall comprise the 
Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall elect a President, Vice- 
President, Second Vice-President and Secretary and Treasurer from 
among its own members. The officers of the Board of Directors shall be 
the Association officers and shall preside at all joint meetings of the 
Board of Governors and the Executive Council. 

Article VIII — Membership 

Section 1. Membership of the Association shall consist of three 
classes: Constituent, Active and Honorary. 

Section 2. Constitutent Membership. Any manufacturing industry 
of Rochester or vicinity shall be eligible for constituent membership. 
Application for such membership shall be presented to the Chairman of 
the Board of Governors and passed upon by that body, a four-fifths vote 
being required for election to membership. 

Section 3. Active membership. Any employee of a constituent mem- 
ber is eligible to active membership and upon request will receive a mem- 
bership card which shall entitle him to the full benefits accorded active 
members in the association. 

Section 4. Honorary membership. Honorary membership may be 
extended to persons, who, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, are 
entitled to such honor. 

Section 5. Honorary members shall be exempt from dues and in- 
eligible to hold office or vote. 

84 



Article IX— Dues 

Section 1. Initiation i'ec All companies who are admitted as con- 
stituent members upon the vote of the Board of Governors shall pav an 
initiation fee of $50.00 payable in advance. 

Article X — Management 

Section 1. The mana^'ement of the Association shall he vested in the 
Board of Directors as provirjed for in the by-laws. 

Article XI — Meetings 

Section 1 Meeting's of the Kxeciitive Council shall be held at least 
twice a year on the call of the Chairman. 

Section 2. Meetings of the Board of Governors shall be held at least 
twice a year on the call of the Chairman. 

Section 3. There shall be at least one joint annual meeting of the 
Hoard of Governors and the Executive Council, to be held on the second 
Tuesday <)( Jamiary. 

Section 4. Special meetings of the Kxecuiivc Council may be called 
by the Chairman or upon written request of ten members of the Execu- 
tive Council. 

Section 5. Special meetings of the Board of Governors may l)e 
called by the Chairman or upon written request of five members of 
the I^oard of (Jnvcrnors. 

Section (>. The fiscal year shall Ik- lanuarv Kt t,. D... ,.,,,!„■, .^si. 
inclusive. 

Article XII^Quorum 

Secti.m 1 A majority of the meml)ers of the Board of Directors, 
P.oar.l ot ( .(.v( I nors. and the Executive Council, shall constitute a quorum' 
for each body for the transaction of any business. 

ArtiAc Xlll—Property 

Section 1. The legal title to all property, effects and assets shall be 
vested in the Board of ( Jovernors. 

Article XII '—Committees 

Section 1. The President .shall appoint such standing and special 
comnnttees as may be deemed necessarv to conduct the affairs of the 
As.sociation-s various activities. The Board of Directors of the As>ocia- 
tion shall be ex-otlicio members of all committees. 

S5 



Article XV — Contests and Entertainments 

Section 1. All contests, entertainments and activities of the Associa- 
tion shall be under the general direction of committees as provided for in 
the Constitution and By-Laws. 

Article XVI — Membership of Teams and Infraction of Rules 

Section 1. Only such members as are employees of constituent mem- 
bers who have been regularly employed and have put in the required 
daily working hours in the factory, plant or place of business of said 
constituent member shall be allowed to play on any team representing 
any constituent member or enter any competitive sport arranged by or 
held under the jurisdiction of the association, subject to the following 
conditions. 

Any employee who has not played on any team in the Association 
is eligible to play on any team representing any constituent member or 
enter any competitive sport arranged by or held under the jurisdiction of 
the Association, after he has been regularly employed and put in the 
required number of daily working hours in the factory, plant or place of 
business of said constituent member for ten days or more. 

Any employee who has represented any constituent member and has 
entered any competitive sport arranged by or held under the jurisdiction 
of the Association, and then leaves the employ of such constituent mem- 
ber to enter the employ of another constituent member is eligible to play 
on the team representing the latter constituent member after he has been 
regularly employed and put in the required number of working hours 
for the period of one full month. 

Section 2. No member of any team or competitor in any branch of 
sport or other activities of the Association shall receive for his skill in or 
knowledge of such sport or activities, extra compensation of any kind 
from the constituent member. 

Section 3. Infraction of rules shall automatically disqualify an active 
member from participating in any competitive sport arranged by or held 
under the jurisdiction of the Association for such period of time as may 
be determined by the Executive Council. 

Section 4. Any violation of the above sections of Article 16 by a con- 
stituent member, shall be considered cause to disqualify such constituent 
member from further activities of the Association for a period of such 
time as shall be deemed advisable by the Board of Governors. 

Article XVII — Resignations or Vacancies 

Section 1. Resignations of a constituent member shall be made to the 
chairman of the Board of Governors in writing and acted upon as pro- 
vided for in the by-laws. 

86 



Article XI 'III— Amendments 
Section 1. To amend the constitution, the proposed amendment must 
be subscribed to by ten members of the Executive Council and ten mem- 
bers of the Hoard of Governors and presented at any regular or special 
meeting of these respective borlies. to be acted upon bv each body at their 
next regular or special meeting. 

Section 2. A iwo-thirds vote of the members present (quorum) at 
any regular r;r si;ecial meeting of the Executive Council or Board of 
Governors shall be necessary to affirm or reject any proposed amendment. 

Sccti(ni ^. AiiK-ndnRnts must be j)assed by both bodies to become 

efTecli\<v 

Article XIX— Order of Meetings 

Section 1 Roberts' Rules of Order of meetings shall govern the pro- 
ceedings of all meetings of this Association. 

v.y \ \\\s 

Article I ''r/urrs oj iixecutnc Luuncil 
S(Tii(»n 1. C hairman. The Chairman of the Executive i ..uncil shall 
preside at all meetings of the Executive Council and shall exercise the 
usual jurisdiction of a presiding officer. 

Section 2. \'ice-Chairman. The \'ice-Chairman shall a^^w...v .,u 
duties of and preside in the ab.scnce of the chairman and shall aLso assist 
the chairman in his various duties of supervision. 

Section 3. Secretary. The .Secretary of the Executive Council shall 
nntify all I'.xecutive Council members of their election to office or mem- 
bership on committees, shall issue all authorized notices to meml>ers of 
tin- I':xecutivc Council, .shall make and keep a true record of all proceedings 
and (.tlur ni.iticrs which may come before that body. 

Article II— Officers of Board of Governors 
Section 1. C liairman of Hoard of (Jovernors. The Chairman of the 
H.Kird of (;overnors shall preside at all meetings of the Hoard of 
<.nv(inors and shall exercise the usual juri.sdiclion of a presiding officer. 
Section 2. \'icc-Chairman. The \ice-Chairman shall as.sume the 
• HI us of an<l preside in the ab.sence of the chairman and shall also assist 
ilu' cli.iinn.iii in his various duties of supervision. 

Section .^. Second \'ice-Presidcnt. The second \ice- President shall 
notily all con.stiiueni members of their election to membership, shall 
issue all authorized notices to constituent members, and shall make a copv 
an,! true record of all proceedings and other matters which mav come be- 
torc thi' Hoard of Governors. 

87 



Article III — Officers of Board of Directors 

Section 1. President. The President of the Board of Directors shall 
preside at all meetings and shall exercise the usual jurisdiction of a presid- 
ing officer. 

Section 2. Vice-President. The Vice-President shall assume the 
duties in the absence of the president and shall also assist the president 
in his various duties of supervision. 

Section 3. Second Vice-President. The second Vice-President shall 
assume the duties in the absence of the President and Vice-President and 
shall also assist the President in his various duties of supervision. 

Section 4. Secretary and Treasurer. The Secretary and Treasurer 
shall issue all authorized notices and shall make a copy and true record 
of all proceedings and other matters which may come before the Board 
of Directors. He shall supervise all financial matters of the Association 
through the Auditor as provided for in these by-laws. 

Article IV — Board of Directors 

Section 1. The Board of Directors shall be the governing body of 
the Association with full power and authority to promote the objects 
for which it is incorporated. 

Article V — Board of Governors 

Section 1. The Board of Governors shall take an active interest in 
all Association matters and policies with full authority to act for their 
respective companies. The Board of Governors shall have the right 
to review on all executive council proceedings. 

Section 2. The Board of Governors shall pass upon all applications 
for constituent membership as provided for in the Constitution. 

Section 3. The Board of Governors shall employ a Business Mana- 
ger and an Auditor. The Auditor shall be placed under a $5,000 Bond, 
such bond to be procured from a duly authorized fidelity or guaranty 
company and paid for by the association. The Auditor and Business 
Manager shall receive such compensation as the Board may agree upon, 
and shall serve during the pleasure of the Board. 

Article VI — Executive Council 

Section 1. The Executive Council shall carry out the program out- 
lined by the Board of Directors of the Association and shall assume full 
responsibility for the carrying out of this program through committees 
appointed by its Chairman. Members of the Board of Governors are 
eligible for membership on these committees. 



Article VII — Business Manager 

Section 1. The Business Manager shall, under the direction and con- 
trol of the Board of Governors, keep regularly entered in proper books 
records true and accurate of all votes, acts and proceedings of the Board 
of Directors, the Board of Governors, Executive Council and all standing 
and special cfjniniittees, and issue all notices that will be required. He 
shall have charge of the seal, books, papers and property of the Asso- 
ciation, keep a complete list of the names and addresses of all the con- 
stituent members of the Association, conduct and keep proi)er record 
of all correspondence of the Association and perfr»rm or delegate such 
(ither duties as the Board of Governors or Board of Directors shall from 
time to time direct, not incompatible with the Constitution and By-laws. 
Me shall appoint additional emj)loyees of the Association and fix their 
tompensaticjn, subject lo the approval of the Board of Ciovernors. 

Articlr rilJ — Aiidttor Iinanctdl Records 

Section 1. The Auditor shall receive all monies of the Association, 
giving his receipt therefor and shall disburse same only on written order 
of the Business Manager, Cf)untersigned by the Secretary and Treasurer, 
lie shall coimtersign all checks which must l>e signed by the Secretary 
and Treasurer. He shall care for and preserve vouchers for the pay- 
ment of money and security of every kind belonging to the Association, 
lie shall render a moiuhly report to all constituent mcmlH-rs and at the 
animal meeting of the .Association shall render a rcfK)rt. which has been 
audited and aj)provcd by the Board of Directors before presentation. He 
shall give bond as prescribed for in these by-laws in faithful jHrrformance 
of his duties. He shall do such clerical or other work as may be pre- 
scribed by and under the direction of the Business Manager, not in- 
c<)ini)atil)Ie with the Constitution and By-laws. 

Artiili' IX — Application for Constituent Membership 

Seition 1 .\i)jtlicati(tn for Constituent membership must be in writing 
signed by aji executive of the company making such application and pre- 
sented or delivered to the Secretary of the Board of Governors who shall 
present same at next meeting of the Board. 

Section 2. .Application shall be f)assed upon by ballot oi the mem- 
bers ((|uorunO present at such meeting, a four-hflhs vote being necessary 
to elect or reject a])i)licant. 

Article X — Atuiual Reports 

Section 1 .\t the joint annual meeting to be held in January of each 
>ear. the President oi the Board of Directors shall through the Secretaiy 
make a detailed amuial report for the fiscal year, ending December 31st. 

89 



Article XI — Records and Papers 

Section 1. All books, papers and records of the Association shall be 
at all reasonable times open to the inspection of any constituent mem- 
ber or his duly appointed representative. 

Article XII — Vacancies: Officers 

Section 1. Whenever any vacancies shall occur among the officers 
of the Board of Directors, Board of Governors or the Executive Council, 
the vacanies shall be filled by the respective bodies at their next meeting. 

Section 2. Absence from three consecutive meetings without satisfac- 
tory excuse shall be deemed sufficient cause for declaring a vacancy. 

Article XIII — Election 

Section 1. The annual election for both the Board of Governors and 
the Executive Council shall be held in the month of January at the an- 
nual meeting, each body acting individually. 

Section 2. During the month of November, the Board of Governors 
and the Executive Council shall each appoint a nominating committee of 
at least five members. These committees shall nominate candidates for 
the annual election of officers for their respective bodies and two addi- 
tional members, making a total of five for each body who shall represent 
their respective bodies on the Board of Directors. 

Section 3. Additional nominations for any office must be made to the 
secretary of their respective bodies in writing, one week before election, 
by at least three members qualified to vote for such. 

Section 4. Election shall be by ballot conducted by tellers appointed 
by the respective chairmen, none of whom shall be officers of the Asso- 
ciation or candidates for offices of same. 

Section 5. Officers shall take office immediately after election. 

Article XIV — Colors and Insignia 

Section 1. The colors of the Association shall be light blue, white and 
yellow. 

Section 2. The insignia of the Association shall be the Seal of City of 
Rochester with name of Association surrounding same. 

Article XV — Property 

Section 1. Injury to the property of the Association other than 
ordinary wear and tear shall be paid for by the member causing it. 

Article XVI — Amendments 

Section 1. Amendments to these by-laws shall be made in the same 
manner as amendments to the Constitution. 

90 



Article Xril—Ordcr of Business 

Section 1. The following order of business shall be observed at all 
regular meetings: 

1. Call to (jrdcr 

2. Roll call 

v Minutes of preceding meeting 

4 Reading of applications and balloting thereon 

5. Introduction of new members 

6. Report of Secretary 

7. Report of Treasurer 

8. Report of Committees 

9. Unfinished Business 
10. \ew business 

I 1. 1 election of Office r-- 
12. Adjournment 



01 



Bibliography 

Producing Amateur Entertainments. Helen J. Ferris, E. P. Button 
and Company, 681 Fifth Avenue, New York. $2.00 

Social Games and Group Dances. J. C. Elsom and Blanche M. Tril- 
ling. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. $1.75 

Games. George W. Draper. Association Press, 347 Madison Avenue, 
New York City. $1.00 

Icebreakers. Edna Geister. Woman's Press, 600 Lexington Avenue, 
New York City. $1.35 

Social Evenings. Amos R. Wells. United Societies of Christian En- 
deavor, Boston and Chicago. $.60 

Neighborhood Entertainments. Renee B. Stern. Macmillan Company, 
64 Fifth Avenue, New York City. $1.75 

Social Activities for Men and Boys. Albert M. Chesley. Association 
Press, 347 Madison Avenue, New York City. $2.15 

Dances of the People. Elizabeth Burchenal. Schirmer Music Com- 
pany, 7 East 43rd Street, New York City. $1.50 

Folk Dancing as Social Recreation for Adults. Elizabeth Burchenal, 
Playground and Recreation Association, 1 Madison Ave., New York. $.15 

Games and Dance Figures. Playground and Recreation Association 
of America, 1 Madison Avenue, New York. $.20 

Games and Dances. Wm. A. Stecher. McVey, Philadelphia. $2.75 

Games for Playground, Home, School and Gymnasium. Jessie Ban- 
croft. Macmillan Company, 64 Fifth Avenue, New York City. $2.40 

Handbook of Athletic Games. Bancroft and Pulvermacher. Macmil- 
lan Company, 64 Fifth Avenue, New York City. $2.00 

Spalding Athletic Series. A. G. Spalding & Company, New York 
City. (Information on equipment and rules for indoor and outdoor 
games and sports) 

Community Recreation. Association Press, 347 Madison Avenue, 
New York City. $.35 

Some Notes on the Construction and Administration of Szmmming 
Pools. Joseph F. Raycroft. Playground and Recreation Association of 
America, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City. $.20 

Patriotic Plays and Pageants. Constance D'Arcy Mackay. Henry 
Holt, 19 West 44th Street, New York City. $1.40 

First Steps in Community Center Development. Clarence A. Perry. 
Russell Sage Foundation, 130 East 22nd Street, New York City. $.10 

Community Center Activities. Clarence A. Perry. Russell Sage 
Foundation, 130 East 22nd Street, New York City. $.60 

GirW Clubs. Helen J. Ferris. E. P. Button & Company, 681 Fifth 
Avenue, New York City. $2.00 

92 



Pra( ti( (il 1 1 (iritJhrjr.l^s 

IsMjed by Community Service 
1 Madison Avenue, New York City 

Community Recreation 

Presents the most salient facts regarding the municipal recreation 
movement. It discusses various form of recreation administration, legis- 
lation, budgets and finances, the responsibilities of recreation superinten- 
dents, the necessary qualifications for leadership, the management of the 
individual system, the individual playground, the recreation center and 
various forms of community activities. Price $.30 

Comrades in Pla\ 

Describes the many activities which young men and voung women 
may enjoy together in their lei^ire time. It contains descriptions of 
social recreation, educational, cultural and art activities which have been 
gleaned from actual experience in many localities. Price $.30 

Layout and lujuif^tnttit of Playgrounds 

lirings Kjgether valuable suggestions, based on exi>erience. regarding 
tlic laying out of playgrounds, the selection and placing of ecjuipment and 
the construction of home-made apparatus. The plans contained in the 
api)endix are especially helpful. Price $.30 

Community Music 

Di.scusses the organization of a community for community music. It 
gives suggestions for making a nuisical survey, conducting sings or- 
ganizing training schools for song leaders, selecting music, planning 
of comnuimiy music programs and folk songs and dances. Price $.50 
I\i(rul and \)nal! Con^nunity Recreation 

( ontains valuable material for workers in rural and small conununi- 
tics. I rogram for family and neighborhoo<l gatherings, suggestions for 
social evenings at the recreation center, outlines of si>ecial holidav celebra- 
tions, descriptions of field days and plav picnics and suggestions for 
dramatic activities make this an unusually practical handbook. Price $.50 
Summer Camf^s—Municif^al and Industrial 

Describes the organization and administration of camps whicli have 
Kcn in operation for a number of years. Dailv pr(,grams. hints for camp- 
hre evenings and camp menus which have been found satisfactorv are 
suggested. Price $.30 

Pioneering for Play 

Outlines methods of carrying on conununitv recreation campaigns In 
addition there are given slogans, quotations regarding the values of rec- 

93 



reation, pertinent facts, stories and anecdotes, poster and display ma- 
terial, samples of publicity used by various communities, and contrast 
pictures ; making the booklet intensely practical. Price $.30 

''What Can We Do?" 

Contains games and activities for social gatherings. Price $.25 

Games and Play for School Morale Price $.25 

Community Drama 

Contains suggestions on organization for dramatic activities with infor- 
mation regarding dramatic centers, open-air theaters, children's dramatics, 
drama in rural districts, pageantry and many other phases of the dramatic 
program. A very practical chapter on Play Production with suggestions 
for scenery, costumes and inexpensive lighting, together with lists of plays 
for various community groups, add greatly to the value of the booklet. 

Price $.60 

Recreative Athletics 

Has chapters on organization and administration of athletics for play- 
grounds, grammar schools, high schools and industries. The athletic badge 
tests and group athletics, tournaments, park and field meets, water sports, 
winter sports and industrial and church athletic organization, are among 
the topics discussed in terms of the needs of the paid and volunteer athletic 
director and play leader. Price $.40 

Pamphlets 

Available free of charge through Community Service are the follow- 
ing pamphlets, which will be of special interest to industrial communities 
in planning for buildings : 

What sort of War Memorial? 

A Living Memorial 

The Planning, Managing and Financing of Memorial 

Community Houses 
Existing Community Houses 
Existing Public Auditoriums 
Provision for Art, Music and Drama 
Memorial Features in Community Buildings 
The Architecture of Memorial Community Houses 
Architecture of Large Memorial Buildings 
Food Service in the Community Memorial Buildings 



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